WEBVTT

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[sil.]

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Life, and there\'s no more vivid
celebration than the Carnival in Brazil.

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[music]

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In São Paulo, they celebrate
the past and the future.

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[music]

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But for some (inaudible)
Carnival is an escape,

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an escape from the present.
Take one face in the crowd.

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Last year Geraldo D\'Souza lost
his job in a car factory,

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(inaudible) is our first story in life.

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My name is Geraldo.

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I worked for six years in this food
factory here. At the end of last year

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or to be more precise on December 22nd,

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I was laid off. They sent
a letter to my house.

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That was my Christmas present.

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[sil.]

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The car industry in Brazil, the
experts and bosses told Geraldo

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had suffered from the effect of
financial crises in faraway lands.

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When you have crisis (inaudible) in Russia all
the money… foreign money that was in Brazil

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was (inaudible) Brazil.
When this money went out,

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the Brazilian government put very high
the interest rate. What happened,

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people could not buy the car.
The production was very small,

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people like you all do suffer
because they don\'t have work.

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And so Geraldo took to the
streets of the capital Brasilia.

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This time nothing
celebration, but in protest.

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[non-English narration]

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Here we\'re. It took us
15 hours to get here.

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We\'re demonstrating for our
rights as Brazilian citizens.

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Our right to democracy, to employment,
to health care, and to housing.

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These are rights and we
don\'t have them here.

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Geraldo is a victim of what\'s
being called globalization.

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When we talk about globalization, it means that when businesses look
at the world, when you think about where they put their factories,

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they scan the globe to find the most
efficient place to put their factories

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and when they look at where they\'re going to sell their
products, they scan the globe to see where that is.

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One world technology, free trade, and free markets
making all national boundaries seem meaningless.

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The globalization also creates winners
and losers included and excluded.

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The planets top three billionaires now
earn more than the gross national product

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of its forty poorest nations.

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Globalization is a process which is
creating untold numbers of losers.

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There\'re some will win, but there\'re
more and more who are being left behind.

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We\'re going towards a world which
will be in the year of 2020

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a world of eight billion people of which

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I would estimate basically six
billion will not be included.

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What happens then?

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It\'s a challenge certainly to developing countries, but it\'s
also a great opportunity an opportunity for new markets,

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an opportunity for investments,
opportunity for Global Services,

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for knowledge, for health, for education, many aspects of
globalization that I think of… I think though very positively.

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Increasingly what people are saying is that

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globalization can mean anything we want it
to mean, and that the choice is not between

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nationalism and globalization, it\'s… it\'s that
as citizens… as global citizens we can shape

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the… the values of… of… of
our own… of this planet

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that we share. And we just
haven\'t had to say it.

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I think we\'re beginning to.

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The winners from globalization include
once isolated and centrally planned China.

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Annual growth rate over 20 years is almost 10%.
In (inaudible) Shanghai, they count success

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just like in the west
in stock market prices.

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Overall it\'s been remarkable
period of… of… of world growth

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uh… that you know doesn\'t have
that many other presidents.

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Globalization has essentially modernized, you know,
a very large and important part of the Third World

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which is a good deal of Asia and… and important parts of Latin America
and that is actually, you know, in a way closing some of those gaps

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and… and, you know, turning into winners a large
part of the world that we thought were… were losers,

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you know, 20-30 years ago.

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But in life, we visit the people who have
not been included in the global economy,

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like the people of Benin in West Africa. We
visit the family of 13-year-old Dou Pay\'s

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who\'s been selling food on the streets since she was
five and (inaudible) almost half the girls in Benin

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will never go to school.

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Here I cook and wash dishes. But
I prefer cooking to washing.

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I have never been to school.
I would like to go to school

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but now I think it\'s too late.

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I\'d like to go and learn something.
I\'d like to learn to be a taylor.

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For many of Dou Pay\'s friends who do go to
school, globalization causes new problems.

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Often their fathers work abroad in countries
that are part of the global economy.

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(inaudible) thing about globalization, of
course is every country is on the globe,

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but every country is not in the global economy because there are some countries
they just get dismissed, you know, if you don\'t have educated people,

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you don\'t have infrastructure, you don\'t have social
organization, nobody pays any attention to you.

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They never put factories there, they don\'t try to sell to
you. You\'re on the globe, but not in the global economy,

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so you can think of, you know, Central Africa is probably the biggest continuous
area, but the large parts of the globe are not in the global economy.

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Well, I would say that most of the people in that
situation haven\'t really tried to play the game seriously

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and that those countries that have
accepted the, you know, the rules

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and the demands of globalization and
try to do that seriously have actually

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succeeded quite well, I mean, these are the
countries in… in East Asia that have seen now

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40 years of growth interrupted only
briefly by the Asian economic crisis.

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These are countries in Latin America like Chile
and Argentina, you know, now increasingly Brazil

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that have, you know, figured out how
to play by… play by those rules.

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But some countries that have tried to join the
global economy have lost out like Russia.

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Here living conditions for
many have actually worsened.

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Life expectancy has fallen even
though a few make untold riches,

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inequality within nations and between nations that
it seems is what makes the new global economy

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different to previous plans.

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The dangers of the new global economy uh…
essentially are to uh… to split societies,

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to cause all of our societies to
become composed of richer and poorer,

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but also to split the world
society making certain countries

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and certain populations within those
countries umm… extraordinarily wealthy, but

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subjecting other populations around the world
to extraordinary poverty and insecurity.

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At the headquarters of the UN in New York,

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they\'ve tried to meet that challenge. In 1995,
the UN called a summit of world leaders

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who made the extraordinary pledge
to eradicate poverty altogether.

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But the social summit as it
was called had mixed reviews.

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There was a lot of we must and we
should and wouldn\'t it be nice if

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uh… but there was very little in the way
of uh… this is how we\'re going to do it

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and this is our plan for getting that
done, in other words real politics

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and identifying what is in the
way of social development.

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I think (inaudible) there was success then (inaudible) short
period of time from 1995 to… to the beginning of the century.

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People have acknowledged that
the three issues of the summits

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poverty, unemployment, and social exclusion
are really essential issues of our society.

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The United Nations\' Social Summit five years
ago in Copenhagen, tell about the fact?

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Among whom? Among the poor?
Yeah. Among the poor…

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(inaudible) in terms of publicity amongst
government because it\'s surprising.

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Yeah… yeah, which means that it fell flat among the rich and
powerful. Well, suppose you\'d had a meeting of kings and princess

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300 years ago and one of them says
\"look we have to be more benevolent,

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you know, we\'ve to treat
(inaudible) better,

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would you expect great exciting,
enthusiasm in response?

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Kosovo and the refugee crisis showed how the
international community can respond to the emergency.

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[sil.]

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The pictures shocked the aid to flood in.

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But what didn\'t make the headlines is
that quietly away from the cameras

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most of the world\'s rich governments
have been cutting aid to poor countries

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despite the promises made
at the Social Summit.

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I think actually (inaudible) promises from
the Social Summit have been (inaudible).

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At a time when business in
the private sector actually

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seems to understand how interconnected it is
with the other… with all parts of the world,

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governments seem to think that they are less connected
from other parts of the world and yet this…

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it is a smaller world we live in these days uh… it doesn\'t mean
every moment has to be devoted to thinking about someplace else.

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We want an UNICEF to see economic growth.

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We want to see people uh… better their
conditions, but it seems really appalling

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that this disparity seems to get greater

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at a time when there is so much
wealth in the world today.

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Of Italy\'s Adriatic coast, the navy
patrols the illicit (inaudible).

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These are migrant families
from Albania trying illegally

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to seek a better life in Italy. They
want to join the global economy,

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but the rules are against them.

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One of the interesting aspects of today\'s
globalization as compared with a century ago is that

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movement of people is much less free. Uh…

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In the… the peak period of population
movement for the industrial societies

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that (inaudible) industrial societies with a
long time ago. For example in the United States,

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the peak period of immigration relative
to population, I think was around 1850

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uh… and the early part of the
century for example when my

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parents and grandparents came, there was a
huge flow of population (inaudible) kept back.

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They say that, money of the
capital can flow free.

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Capital can flow quite freely, labor can\'t.

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Now people are taking to the streets convinced that
globalization is one-sided and favors bosses over workers,

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rich countries over poor.

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Here in Seattle, they\'ve come to a meeting of the World
Trade Organization to convince the many heartfelt skeptics.

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When I was a student I
was demonstrated against

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(inaudible) not against things like (inaudible)
to you. Try to understand, what\'s going on.

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This is the first time in history, we\'re…

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as we say ordinary people are getting
excited and mobilized around something

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which seems basically technical,
economical, difficult, international,

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hard to understand etc. And in fact

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mobilizing around that because they understand it perfectly well
and they\'re saying this is not the kind of globalization we want.

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We don\'t have a place. We don\'t have a seat.
Listen to the voices of the people on the street.

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The mood is turning nasty.

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Now in Seattle\'s aftermath, the United Nations
will meet to review progress on the Social Summit

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and the impact of globalization.

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The stakes are higher than ever. What would you like to
see (inaudible) June 2000 review of the Social Summit.

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I\'d like to see not only a
recommitment in terms of words

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that a real

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commitment on behalf of our leaders to action. And
that includes not just the writing of cheques,

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that includes a massive education campaign

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that includes more discussion amongst the people of that
countries, the sort of thing that you do on this program.

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I\'d like to see many more programs

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dealing with these issues because for
me, these are not (inaudible) issues.

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My colleagues and I work on this because we
believe they are the issues for the millennium.

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In Life, we report on the human stories
and the issues of the globalized world.

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Japan, where globalization is
causing unexpected strains

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on a traditional society.

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Here many young women prefer working for big transnational
companies to the conventional role of (inaudible).

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Meanwhile advances in health care mean
the Japanese can look forward to a time

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when one in four will be over 65.

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The result, old people with no one
to care for them, women and men.

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Toshiko is a businesswoman in her 40\'s,

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but she has to double this full time
carrier for her 84-year-old mother.

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I\'m very busy at work and in the evenings

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I like to go to a concert or
outs to drinks with my friends.

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If we didn\'t live here (inaudible),

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we wouldn\'t have been never to overcome
our problems. I would\'ve collapsed.

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I would\'ve have to stop
work and leave my company.

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We need to rethink about social structures

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because even in our communities, which are not
as rich as .JAPAN today we\'ve got old people

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whose children have gone away

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to do work or to stay in foreign countries
and they\'ve nobody to look after them.

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Our social structures are broken down,
so another wave of social evolution

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taking care of this situation
is what is needed.

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In Nigeria, many young women never have the
chance of a job in the global economy.

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In Kono, most girls are married by 16,

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some even younger.

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(inaudible) Su Dia is one of
three wives of (inaudible).

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[music]

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I was brought to this house at 13,
when I didn\'t really know anything.

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[non-English narration]

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I was brought into a household where
the women were all much older than me.

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I can\'t look on these women as my co-wives,

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they\'re all same age as my mother.

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A man of 50, taking up a child
of 9, or 10, or 13 years old,

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after he has impregnated the woman
and the woman has given birth,

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who takes care of the child? The
girl is only 13. No education,

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no skills to get any income.
Nothing, nothing.

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But I think that women are central
to the whole issue of development.

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Uh… In fact in most of the developing
countries, they do most of the work.

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Secondly, they guide the family.
Thirdly, they educate the kids.

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Fourthly, they typically determines of how many
children they have. So women are absolutely central,

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but for cultural reasons and
historic reasons in many countries,

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they\'ve never been given a fair shake.

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South Africa and the Phelophepa
Health Train a clinic on wheels.

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What attracted me about this train

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was that it was giving health
care, affordable health care

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to the rural people of South Africa. Every bit
of (inaudible) was made for the poor people.

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From birth, I feel

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it just went round and round
and round until I finally came

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to help the rural people of South Africa.

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We know you have got no money. We
know you have got no transport

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and this is why we\'re here
to support and help you,

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but unfortunately we cannot see all of you.
If I tell you that

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the dental clinic or health clinic is full (inaudible)
by that time, apologies. You\'ll have to go home.

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Some conditions are life threatening
others job threatening,

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either way a visit from a nurse always
a chance to be seized. (inaudible).

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As long as if you can tell me if you are married. I\'ve got
two child who I look (inaudible). You\'re embarrassing me.

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Okay, okay, thank you.

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The fact that people died
needlessly millions of them

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across the world uh… in Africa,
in Asia, in Latin America too

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and elsewhere and to some extent even in North
America and Europe completely needlessly

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from lack of medical care and sometimes
even lack of nutrition is… is…

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is totally (inaudible) within our
means, within our feasibility

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to… to eliminate the… these
deputations all together and umm…

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that\'s what I think we ought to focus on.

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The USA globalization\'s model economy
down in the streets of Philadelphia,

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a story from the other side
of the American boomed.

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A bus load of activists
with a bus load of faith

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to Philadelphia\'s forgotten neighborhoods.

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Next stop Philadelphia Glass Bending, one of
the few factories round here still working.

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And I\'m sure, they come out at noon, okay.

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We just want to welcome the sisters and
brothers from United Electrical workers.

00:20:05.000 --> 00:20:09.999
In the globalized economy, it\'s easy to import basic
goods like glass fittings more cheaply from abroad.

00:20:10.000 --> 00:20:14.999
Jobs have been cut (inaudible) wages.

00:20:15.000 --> 00:20:19.999
I started here 28 years ago with $2 and 10 cents. A 28
years later, I\'m only making $11 that\'s a disgrace.

00:20:20.000 --> 00:20:24.999
I\'m 57 years old with some be 58 and
I\'ll spend all my time with (inaudible)

00:20:25.000 --> 00:20:29.999
it\'ll be hard for me to go some place and
try to get another job, so (inaudible).

00:20:30.000 --> 00:20:34.999
We\'d have to stay here with these UE members because
our union is in the forefront of… of fighting against

00:20:35.000 --> 00:20:39.999
(inaudible) to the bottom on wages,

00:20:40.000 --> 00:20:44.999
living standards, and environmental issues

00:20:45.000 --> 00:20:49.999
where the country that\'ll sell its labor for a
cheapest price or tracked all the corporations

00:20:50.000 --> 00:20:54.999
and their factories, and their money and….

00:20:55.000 --> 00:20:59.999
[sil.]

00:21:00.000 --> 00:21:04.999
In the globalized economy, (inaudible) the race to the bottom takes
jobs from the west and gives them to the sweatshops of Asia.

00:21:05.000 --> 00:21:09.999
But is that necessarily such a bad thing.

00:21:10.000 --> 00:21:14.999
See if a company takes advantage of the
fact that people are desperately poor

00:21:15.000 --> 00:21:19.999
and have no other opportunities
in a pleasant subsistence economy

00:21:20.000 --> 00:21:24.999
and actually gives them work what constitutes exploitation
under those circumstances when their alternative,

00:21:25.000 --> 00:21:29.999
you know, knows to have no employment in
the modern sector of the economy at all.

00:21:30.000 --> 00:21:34.999
Uh… You know, I mean, I\'m… I\'m not single, I know
what the answer to that is, but it\'s just not obvious

00:21:35.000 --> 00:21:39.999
that… that a multinational cooperation that comes
and actually gives people work in a… in a job

00:21:40.000 --> 00:21:44.999
even at what we would regard as sweatshop wages uh…
you know, it is… it is necessarily exploiting them.

00:21:45.000 --> 00:21:49.999
This is presented to us to… to
concern citizens over and over again

00:21:50.000 --> 00:21:54.999
as this terrible choice we have to make.
Either these workers will have terrible jobs

00:21:55.000 --> 00:21:59.999
or they will have no jobs at all and
I think we have to start rejecting…

00:22:00.000 --> 00:22:04.999
we have to start rejecting that dichotomy
and saying no, in fact we can have both.

00:22:05.000 --> 00:22:09.999
But it\'s time running out.

00:22:10.000 --> 00:22:14.999
It\'s Seattle, the protests degenerated
into a science fiction Konovo.

00:22:15.000 --> 00:22:19.999
Some demonstrators continue
to say no to globalization.

00:22:20.000 --> 00:22:24.999
Some onlookers still claim
it\'s nothing to do with us.

00:22:25.000 --> 00:22:29.999
Either way, the globalized world
will mean new and difficult choices.

00:22:30.000 --> 00:22:34.999
In many of our countries, we find that
there are two powerful political forces.

00:22:35.000 --> 00:22:39.999
On one hand people who want to preserve
the old, the past, the old jobs,

00:22:40.000 --> 00:22:44.999
the old industries were afraid of change and they
are exercising their rights in the democracy.

00:22:45.000 --> 00:22:49.999
There\'s something of a backlash against
globalization, against technological change,

00:22:50.000 --> 00:22:54.999
they\'re fearful and understandably fearful.

00:22:55.000 --> 00:22:59.999
On the other hand, we have people who\'ve already made
it to the other side safely. They\'re well educated.

00:23:00.000 --> 00:23:04.999
They\'re prospering in the new global economy. They don\'t
want to share their benefits with many of their compatriots.

00:23:05.000 --> 00:23:09.999
They don\'t feel a particular
kinship or connection

00:23:10.000 --> 00:23:14.999
or social solidarity with others and
they are to some extent are seceding.

00:23:15.000 --> 00:23:19.999
They say let the free market do its will. I
don\'t have any responsibilities as a citizen.

00:23:20.000 --> 00:23:24.999
If those are our only options
either preserve and protect the old

00:23:25.000 --> 00:23:29.999
or assure in the new with no
social responsibility at all,

00:23:30.000 --> 00:23:35.000
then we are in trouble.

00:24:10.000 --> 00:24:15.000
[sil.]