WEBVTT

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WITH GRACE AND POWER, THE
BEAUTIFUL SWAINSON\'S HAWK SOARS

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TO ITS ANCESTRAL
NESTING GROUNDS THROUGHOUT

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WESTERN NORTH AMERICA,
FLYING 11,000 KM

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ALL THE WAY FROM ARGENTINA

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AS FAR NORTH AS CANADA\'S
PRAIRIE PROVINCES.

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INDIVIDUALS AND PAIRS OF
THIS STRONG AND BEAUTIFUL RAPTOR

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GLIDE ON THE THERMALS THAT
LIFT IT HIGH INTO THE HEAVENS

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WHERE THEY LIVE
TWIXT HEAVEN
AND EARTH.

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I\'VE BEEN BANDING BIRDS ON
THE PRAIRIE FOR OVER 50 YEARS.

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I\'M STUART HOUSTON.

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THIS WEEKEND WE\'LL
VISIT THE NESTS OF
THE SWAINSON\'S HAWK

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HERE IN THE NORTHERN
PART OF THEIR NESTING GROUNDS,

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SASKATCHEWAN, CANADA,

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WHERE BANDING HAS
GIVEN US INVALUABLE INFORMATION.

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THE VAST SASKATCHEWAN PRAIRIE,
WHERE THE SWAINSON\'S HAWK

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WAS FIRST DISCOVERED DURING
THE FRANKLIN EXPEDITION IS

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TRADITIONALLY A BOUNTIFUL
HAVEN FOR GRASSLAND BIRDS.

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HERE IS THE SEEMINGLY
ETERNAL PRAIRIE, FERTILE HUNTING

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GROUNDS FOR THE SWIFT
AND KEEN-EYED SWAINSON\'S HAWK.

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AS ALWAYS I\'M CONCERNED
FOR THEM, BUT IN RECENT YEARS,

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MORE CONCERNED THAN EVER.

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I JUST SAW THIS
BIG BIRD WITH THE LONGEST...

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WE SHOULD BE SEEING
MARBLE DIVERS TODAY

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AND LONG-BILLED CURLEWS.

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EXCELLENT.

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WELL, IT\'S LOTS OF WADERS,

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BUT OF COURSE WE\'RE
LOOKING FOR SWAINSON\'S HAWKS.

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THAT\'S RIGHT.

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IF WE SHOULD SEE IT ON THE WAY.

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YEAH, WELL,
WE HAVE A SPECIAL RULE.

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WE STOP FOR LIFERS
AND WHOOPING CRANES.

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DO YOU EXPECT
TO SEE ANY
WHOOPING CRANES?

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(LAUGH) WE DON\'T EXPECT TO
SEE ANY WHOOPING CRANES TODAY,

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BUT IF ONE IS THERE, WE\'LL STOP!

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WE TREK OUT TO THE NESTS
TO BAND THE YOUNG BIRDS.

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UP AT DAWN - WE\'VE
NO TIME TO WASTE.

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WE HAVE 100 NESTS
TO VISIT IN ONLY 2 DAYS.

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THESE WILDERNESS TREKS
INTO THE WORLD OF THE HAWKS

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AND THE OTHER RAPTORS HAVE
NEVER FAILED TO INVIGORATE ME.

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MY MOST ENJOYABLE PASTIME,
EACH AND EVERY SUMMER.

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OH, THERE\'S THREE.

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THREE CHICKS?

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THREE.

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WOW!

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THEY ALL FAIRLY BIG?

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BIG ENOUGH TO BAND.

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OKAY.OUR WINDOW OF OPPORTUNITY
IS SHORT FOR BANDING.

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THE NESTLINGS MUST
BE BIG ENOUGH TO HOLD A BAND

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AND ONCE THEY START FLYING,

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CATCHING THEM
CAN BE REALLY DIFFICULT.

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(HAWK CALL)

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SOON THE NESTLINGS
WILL BECOME POWERFUL FLIERS

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LIKE THEIR PARENTS.

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BUT WE VISIT THE NESTS
WHEN THE YOUNG ARE CUTE,

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FUZZY AND FLIGHTLESS.

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WE CRIMP IT HERE,
AND THEN WE FOLD IT OVER.

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THIS IS ONE OF THE MOST
DIFFICULT THINGS IN THE WORLD.

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IT LOOKS EASY.

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WHEN YOU\'VE DONE IT
100,000 TIMES, IT IS EASY.

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THEN WE CRIMP IT UP LIKE THAT.

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SO THAT\'S NUMBER 90

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AND THAT\'S OUR FIRST
SWAINSON\'S HAWK OF 1996.

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WITH A SINGLE MOVEMENT,
THERE\'S NUMBER 91.

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WE TIGHTEN IT UP AND THERE
ARE TWO YOUNG BIRDS BANDED.

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THEY HATCH OUT 3 DAYS
APART AND THAT WAY THE OLDEST

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ALWAYS GETS ENOUGH
TO EAT BECAUSE HE\'S BIGGER

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AND STRONGER AND CAN TAKE
FOOD FROM HIS LITTLE BROTHER.

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WHEN THERE\'S ENOUGH FOOD,

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WELL THEN THE LITTLE
GUY WILL DO ALRIGHT.

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THIS IS UNUSUAL BECAUSE
THERE\'S A DEAD BIRD IN THE NEST

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AND IT\'S NOT THE YOUNGEST.

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IT\'S USUALLY THE
YOUNGEST THAT DIES

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AND THEN THE YOUNGEST
IS THEN FED TO THE OLDEST

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WHEN THEY\'RE SHORT OF FOOD.

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THERE\'RE A VERY INVALUABLE
HAWK, THE SWAINSON\'S HAWK.

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IT EATS MAINLY THE
RICHARDSON\'S GROUND SQUIRRELS.

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A FRIEND TO THE FARMER.

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ENTIRELY A FRIEND TO THE FARMER.

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WE TRAVEL MANY MILES
BY CAR AND TREK MANY MILES

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ON FOOT TO CHECK
NEST AFTER NEST AFTER NEST.

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I\'VE BEEN BANDING BIRDS
SINCE I WAS 15 YEARS OLD.

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THERE ARE ALWAYS
HELPERS WHO COME WITH ME

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TO DO THE BANDING THAT
HAS HELPED US TO KNOW THE

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MIGRATION PATTERNS OF
SO MANY MIGRATORY BIRDS

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AS WELL AS SOMETHING OF THEIR

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NUMBERS AND THE PERILS
WHICH THEY ENCOUNTER.

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JEAN HARRIS HAS FOUND MORE
SWAINSON\'S HAWKS\' NESTS THAN,

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I BELIEVE, ANY OTHER
PERSON IN THE WORLD,

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SOME YEARS 40
NESTS THAT ARE ACTIVE

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AND THIS YEAR SHE HAS 17 NESTS.

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THE HAWKS ARE HAVING A BAD YEAR.

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AND ON THIS MAP WE
SEE SHE HAS IT HERE MARKED

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3 TELEPHONE POSTS
WEST OF THE BRIDGE

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(AND IT IS SOUTH OF SECTION
3 AND TOWNSHIP 31, RANGE 22.))

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SO I HAVE MY MAP HERE WITH
ALL THE SWAINSON\'S HAWKS NESTS

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PROTECTED IN PLASTIC
AND HERE IS THE NEST RIGHT HERE

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AND THE NEXT NEST
WE ARE GOING TO

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IS JUST GOING TO BE A MILE OVER.

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WE TREK THROUGH
FIELDS, WE SEARCH BLUFFS,

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WE CLIMB TREE AFTER TREE.

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IN SUCCESSFUL NESTS
THE NESTLINGS ARE BANDED.

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BUT THIS YEAR
HAS BEEN A DISASTER.

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THE 2ND WORST YEAR ON RECORD.

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VERY LOW PRODUCTIVITY.

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HIGH WINDS BLOW DOWN NESTS.

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PREDATORS RAID THE
NESTS AND EAT THE EGGS.

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THIS YEAR THERE IS
A SEVERE LACK OF FOOD,

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DEVASTATING TO THE RAPTORS.

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AND EACH YEAR
THERE IS A DECREASING

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NUMBER OF TREES
SUITABLE FOR NESTS.

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THERE ARE ONLY 3 SETS OF
TREES IN THIS ENTIRE EAST BLOCK

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OF THIS PASTURE,
ABOUT 30 SQUARE MILES

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AND YOU CAN SEE THE
CATTLE WERE RUBBING AROUND,

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MAKING QUITE A
PIT AROUND THE TREES.

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NOW FILLED WITH WATER.

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SO THE DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL
RESOURCES OF SASKATCHEWAN,

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DONATED THE GUARDS
TO PUT AROUND THE TREE.

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THIS PROTECTS THE SINGLE TREE.

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THE UNPROTECTED TREE
IS IN VERY BAD SHAPE.

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IT\'S ALMOST HORIZONTAL AND
IT\'S NOT OF ANY USE FOR ANYBODY

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AND IT WILL BE DOWN ON
THE GROUND WITHIN A YEAR OR TWO.

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AND THIS IS ONE OF THE
REAL PROBLEMS FOR HAWKS -

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LOSING PLACES IN
WHICH THEY CAN NEST.

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THE HABITAT IS CHANGING

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AND THE BIRDS ARE
SUFFERING THE CONSEQUENCES.

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ALL IN ALL, A TERRIBLE,

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WORRISOME BREEDING
YEAR FOR THE SWAINSON\'S HAWK.

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SO JEAN HAD THIS PIN
MARKED FOR AN ACTIVE NEST,

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AND OF COURSE IT WAS ACTIVE.

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A WEEK AGO IT WAS ACTIVE,
BUT NOW IT HAS FAILED,

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SO WE PUT IN A BLACK
PIN INSTEAD OF A GREEN PIN

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TO SHOW THAT IT HAS FAILED.

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SO ONE LESS GREEN
AND ONE MORE BLACK.

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THAT\'S HOW LIFE IS.

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ALL MY LIFE THESE
GRASSLANDS HAVE BEEN A SAFE

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AND BOUNTIFUL
HOME TO THE SWAINSON\'S HAWKS.

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BUT WHILE BANDING
IN RECENT TIMES,

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WE HAVE FOUND THAT
SOME YEARS AS MANY AS 70%

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OF THE NESTS HAVE FAILED.

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SOMETHING SERIOUS
IS GOING ON WITH THE

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SWAINSON\'S HAWK PRODUCTIVITY.

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THEIR NUMBERS HAVE
DROPPED TO LESS THAN HALF

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WHAT THEY WERE IN 1987.

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IT\'S NORMAL FOR NATURE
TO FAIL, BUT IT\'S NOT NORMAL

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FOR US TO HAVE AS MANY FAILURES
AS WE\'RE FINDING THIS YEAR.

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THE SWAINSON\'S HAWK
IS AN INDICATOR SPECIES,

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AT THE TOP OF THE FOOD CHAIN.

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OF COURSE THE DECLINE
OF THE SWAINSON\'S HAWK

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IS PART OF THE GENERAL
GRASSLANDS PROCESS.

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IT\'S NOT JUST ONE SPECIES.

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WE HAVE TO WORRY ABOUT
THE SPACES AND THE ENVIRONMENT.

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OUR MODERN WORLD STEADILY
ENCROACHES ON THE GRASSLANDS,

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PLACING INCREDIBLE
STRESS ON THE WILDLIFE THERE

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AND PROFOUNDLY CHALLENGING THEIR
ABILITY TO ADAPT AND SURVIVE.

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BUT I HAVE LEARNED THAT
WATCHFUL EYES ARE EVERYWHERE.

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FROM JEAN HARRIS, WHO
STICKS PINS IN MAPS TO MARK THE

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SWAINSON\'S HAWK NESTS SHE
FINDS EACH YEAR TO DEAN FRANCIS,

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A WILDLIFE ARTIST
AND FRIEND OF THE BIRD,

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AND SO MANY MORE.

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THERE EXTENDS A WHOLE NETWORK
OF PEOPLE IN SASKATCHEWAN

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AND BEYOND, AMATEUR
AND PROFESSIONAL ALIKE.

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I PUT A BOX UP FOR
THEM IN THE WINDOW

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AND HAVE SINCE HAD HAWKS
JUST ABOUT EVERY YEAR.

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THERE ARE MANY MANY PEOPLE,
SO MANY WHO ARE FRIENDS

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OF THE BIRDS WHO
PATIENTLY WATCH FOR

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AND PROTECT THESE
WONDERFUL CREATURES.

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ALMOST 90 DEGREES
AND NOW I\'M RUNNING

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INTO ANOTHER BIG CLUSTER.

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THROUGH THE YEARS, I HAVE
FOUND FRIENDS THROUGHOUT THE

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WHOLE WORLD WHO SHARE MY
INTEREST IN SWAINSON\'S HAWKS.

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SCIENTISTS IN
NORTH AND SOUTH AMERICA,

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WHOSE LIFE WORK
IS TO STUDY THEM.

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AMATEURS WHOSE
PASSION IS TO WATCH THEM.

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AN INTERNATIONAL NETWORK
UNITED BY THIS ONE BIRD.

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FOR AS ALL MIGRATORY BIRDS,

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THE SWAINSON\'S ARE NOT
RESIDENTS OF JUST ONE COUNTRY

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BUT OF AN ENTIRE HEMISPHERE,

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MIGRATING ACROSS
TWO CONTINENTS TWICE A YEAR,

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THEIR ROUND-TRIP MIGRATION
TRIP OF OVER 14,000 MILES

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NOTED BY THOUSANDS OF PEOPLE,
WHO LOOK TO THEM, INSPIRING,

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MAGNIFICENT AND PRECIOUS
SPECIES THAT THEY ARE.

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THESE ARE BARELY BIG
ENOUGH TO HOLD A BAND

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AND THIS IS A
PRECARIOUS DEAD TREE.

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THAT WAS ME,
FALLING OUT OF ONE OF THE TREES

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I CLIMBED THAT WEEKEND.

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ON CRUTCHES \'CAUSE I COULD
NOT BEAR WEIGHT ON MY LEFT LEG,

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I RECUPERATED IMPATIENTLY,

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AWAITING THE NEXT
WEEKEND OF BANDING.

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ONCE MY FRIENDS HEARD ABOUT
MY FALL, THE E-MAIL STARTED.

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\"HELLO STUART!
ARRIVING FRIDAY 2:30 PM.

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I HEAR YOU\'VE BEEN
TAKING FLYING LESSONS!

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HOW MANY TIMES DO I HAVE TO
TELL YOU STUART, THE BIRDS FLY.

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NOT US!!!\" FROM MARC BECHARD,
BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY.

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MY BUDDY, MARC BECHARD,
HAS COME UP FOR A WEEKEND

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EVERY SUMMER
TO HELP ME BAND RAPTORS.

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THIS YEAR HE\'S COME TO
BAND THE SWAINSON\'S HAWKS.

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IT ALL STARTED IN 1977 WHEN
MARC WAS WORKING ON HIS PHD.

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I DID MY PHD
DISSERTATION ON THE
SWAINSON\'S HAWK.

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AT THAT TIME I WROTE STUART
HOUSTON BECAUSE EVERYONE

00:14:16.750 --> 00:14:18.998
TOLD ME IF YOU WANT TO KNOW
ANYTHING ABOUT SWAINSON\'S HAWKS

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YOU SHOULD CONTACT
STUART BECAUSE HE CERTAINLY

00:14:21.959 --> 00:14:23.207
KNOWS MORE THAN ANYONE ELSE.

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HE\'S BANDED MORE SWAINSON\'S
HAWKS THAN ANYONE ELSE.

00:14:26.083 --> 00:14:27.499
AND HE SAID,
\"GOSH IF YOU\'RE INTERESTED,

00:14:27.500 --> 00:14:30.624
WHY DON\'T YOU COME UP AND
SPEND A WEEKEND BANDING BIRDS

00:14:30.625 --> 00:14:32.998
WITH US BECAUSE YOU\'LL
GET TO SEE SEVERAL

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HUNDRED SWAINSON\'S
HAWKS IN A WEEKEND.

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I CONFESS THAT BIRDS HAVE
BEEN MY LIFE-LONG FASCINATION

00:14:39.999 --> 00:14:43.416
AND MARC, A RAPTOR BIOLOGIST,
SHARES THIS PASSION.

00:14:43.417 --> 00:14:46.124
HIS EXPERTISE
ENSURES A WATCHFUL,

00:14:46.125 --> 00:14:49.999
CARING EYE FOR THESE
BEAUTIFUL CREATURES.

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SHE\'S GOT VERY LITTLE
RUSTING DARKISH COLOURS.

00:14:53.999 --> 00:14:55.541
AND FEATHERING ON THE UNDERSIDE.

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PRETTY WHITE DOWN THERE.

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THEY CAN BREATHE DOWN THROUGH
THEIR TONGUE SO THAT WHEN

00:15:04.959 --> 00:15:08.749
HER MOUTH IS STUFFED FULL
OF GROUND SQUIRREL SHE\'S STILL

00:15:08.750 --> 00:15:10.624
GOT AN OPENING
DOWN IN HER AIRWAY

00:15:10.625 --> 00:15:12.416
SO SHE\'S NOT GOING
TO CHOKE TO DEATH.

00:15:12.417 --> 00:15:14.582
AND YOU WERE NOTICING YESTERDAY
THE BARBS ON HER TONGUE

00:15:14.583 --> 00:15:19.040
AND I GUESS THAT\'S TO HELP
HER GRASP FOOD AND MAKE IT

00:15:19.041 --> 00:15:20.998
EASIER FOR HER TO SWALLOW.

00:15:20.999 --> 00:15:22.040
YOU FEEL RIGHT THERE.

00:15:22.041 --> 00:15:23.833
SHE\'S FULL OF GROUND SQUIRREL.

00:15:23.834 --> 00:15:25.998
MMM.THEY HAVE AN EXPANDED
AREA TO THEIR OESOPHAGUS,

00:15:25.999 --> 00:15:30.791
IT\'S CALLED A CROP AND WHEN
THEY EAT THEY JUST PUFF THAT UP.

00:15:30.792 --> 00:15:32.082
THAT\'S FULL OF GROUND SQUIRREL.

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AND THEN THEY SLOWLY
BUT SURELY DIGEST IT

00:15:33.999 --> 00:15:35.165
AND THAT GETS
SMALLER AND SMALLER.

00:15:35.166 --> 00:15:39.998
SO RATHER THAN EATING A
SMALL PORTION AND LEAVE IT LAY

00:15:39.999 --> 00:15:41.998
SOME PLACE AND HAVE TO
COME BACK LATER, THEY JUST EAT

00:15:41.999 --> 00:15:44.999
EVERYTHING AND
THAT JUST BULGES OUT.

00:15:52.625 --> 00:15:56.499
HERE\'S THE E-MAIL MESSAGE:\"STUART,
I\'M BRINGING 2 SATELLITE RADIOS.

00:15:56.500 --> 00:15:59.207
SORRY TO HEAR
ABOUT YOUR ACCIDENT,

00:15:59.208 --> 00:16:01.040
YOU BETTER STAY HOME AND REST.

00:16:01.041 --> 00:16:05.998
OR SHOULD I PUT A RADIO
ON YOU TOO!\" URSULA BANASH.

00:16:05.999 --> 00:16:11.499
IN EARLIER DAYS, SCIENTISTS
USED CONVENTIONAL RADIOS

00:16:11.500 --> 00:16:13.040
TO AID THEIR RESEARCH.

00:16:13.041 --> 00:16:16.749
THEY\'D STRAP THEM ON THE
ANIMALS OR BIRDS AND FOLLOW THEM

00:16:16.750 --> 00:16:19.998
AROUND ON FOOT
OR BY CAR OR IN SMALL AIRCRAFT.

00:16:19.999 --> 00:16:23.999
BUT THIS NEW APPROACH, CALLED
SATELLITE RADIO TELEMETRY,

00:16:24.000 --> 00:16:27.332
MARRIES THE HUMBLE
RADIO OF MY YOUTH

00:16:27.333 --> 00:16:30.875
WITH SPACE AGE TECHNOLOGY.

00:16:31.000 --> 00:16:35.998
THE RADIO GIVES OUT A MICROWAVE
SIGNAL THAT\'S PICKED UP BY

00:16:35.999 --> 00:16:39.998
SATELLITES ORBITING THE
EARTH AND IT\'S LIKE A MINIATURE

00:16:39.999 --> 00:16:42.874
GPS UNIT, A GLOBAL
POSITIONING SYSTEM.

00:16:42.875 --> 00:16:46.541
ONCE A WEEK YOU TURN ON YOUR
COMPUTER, GET ON THE INTERNET

00:16:46.542 --> 00:16:50.165
AND YOU GET THE LOCATION
FROM ARGOS AND MARILYN.

00:16:50.166 --> 00:16:54.999
SO IT\'S WHAT I CALL
\"FAT MAN BIOLOGY\".

00:17:05.875 --> 00:17:08.332
MARC AND URSULA TREK
OUT TO A SWAINSON\'S HAWK NEST.

00:17:08.333 --> 00:17:11.833
THEY\'LL LURE AND TRAP
ONE OF THE WILY ADULT HAWKS

00:17:11.834 --> 00:17:15.750
AND ATTACH A SATELLITE
RADIO TO ITS BACK.

00:17:19.667 --> 00:17:23.999
CECIL, OUR OWL, IS DRAFTED
AS OUR FEARSOME BAIT.

00:17:26.792 --> 00:17:30.999
WE USE A
BIRD THAT THEY
WOULD CONSIDER
A PREDATOR,

00:17:31.000 --> 00:17:34.749
THAT\'S WHAT WE DO
OR A BIRD THAT THEY
DON\'T LIKE HAVING

00:17:34.750 --> 00:17:36.124
AROUND THEIR NEST, I SHOULD SAY.

00:17:36.125 --> 00:17:39.625
AND THIS IS WHAT
CECIL DOES FOR US.

00:17:40.333 --> 00:17:42.499
THEY SET UP A FINE
MIST CAMOUFLAGE NET

00:17:42.500 --> 00:17:46.708
IN THE HOPE OF HIDING
IT FROM THE KEEN-EYED HAWK.

00:17:55.291 --> 00:17:57.917
MARC TIES THE OWL IN PLACE.

00:18:07.041 --> 00:18:09.458
YEAH, THIS IS HIS NEW OUTFIT.

00:18:13.166 --> 00:18:14.583
PERFECT.

00:18:17.208 --> 00:18:20.998
THE HAWK SEES THE OWL
AND POSSIBLY SEES THE NET,

00:18:20.999 --> 00:18:23.040
BUT INSTINCT OVERRIDES REASON.

00:18:23.041 --> 00:18:26.582
SHE FEARS FOR HER
NESTLINGS FAR MORE THAN SHE

00:18:26.583 --> 00:18:27.333
FEARS THE NET.

00:18:27.334 --> 00:18:30.916
SHE DIVES AT THE
OWL AND SHE\'S CAUGHT.

00:18:30.917 --> 00:18:32.667
GO, GO, GO.

00:18:37.041 --> 00:18:39.998
MARC HAS HIS OWN WAY
TO ENTICE THE HAWK INTO THE NET.

00:18:39.999 --> 00:18:41.998
WELL, I WAS WHISTLING
AT HER THE WHOLE TIME.

00:18:41.999 --> 00:18:44.791
SHE WAS UP ABOVE
AND I\'D WHISTLE, SHE\'D WHISTLE.

00:18:44.792 --> 00:18:47.707
I\'D WHISTLE, SHE\'D WHISTLE.I GOTTA HAVE
SOMEBODY HELP ME GET HER OUT OF THE NET HERE.

00:18:47.708 --> 00:18:54.791
WHAT YOU NEED TO DO IS COME
AROUND AND GRAB HER BY THE FEET.

00:18:54.792 --> 00:18:56.874
GET HER LIKE I\'VE GOT HER.

00:18:56.875 --> 00:18:59.040
NO, DO IT THE OTHER WAY ROUND.

00:18:59.041 --> 00:19:00.458
THERE YOU GO.

00:19:04.166 --> 00:19:04.999
HI!

00:19:05.000 --> 00:19:06.999
SHE WASN\'T MEAN, COMING OUT.

00:19:07.917 --> 00:19:11.998
THESE BIRDS LEARN FROM
THIS TRAPPING METHOD THAT GOING

00:19:11.999 --> 00:19:17.416
AFTER AN OWL LIKE THEY HAVE
THE FIRST TIME DOESN\'T END UP

00:19:17.417 --> 00:19:20.624
THE GREATEST EXPERIENCE FOR THEM
AND THEY SEEM TO REMEMBER THAT.

00:19:20.625 --> 00:19:25.124
SO ONCE THEY\'RE TRAPPED
THIS WAY ONCE, IT\'S LESS LIKELY

00:19:25.125 --> 00:19:29.291
THAT YOU\'RE GOING
TO TRAP THEM THIS WAY AGAIN.

00:19:29.667 --> 00:19:31.207
SO WHAT\'LL HAPPEN IS THIS\'LL
BE THE TOP OF THE TRANSMITTER

00:19:31.208 --> 00:19:35.332
AND THEN IT\'LL BE SITTING
IN THE MIDDLE OF THE BIRD

00:19:35.333 --> 00:19:38.916
AND WE\'LL BRING IT AROUND
AND WE\'LL BRING THESE TWO ENDS

00:19:38.917 --> 00:19:40.998
THROUGH A GROMMET WHICH
IS SITTING IN THE MIDDLE OF THE

00:19:40.999 --> 00:19:42.998
BIRD SO THAT
THE BIRD CAN\'T THROW IT OFF.

00:19:42.999 --> 00:19:45.541
WE WANT IT TO STAY ON THE BIRD.AND THEN
WE\'LL BRING IT AROUND THE BACK OF THE BIRD

00:19:45.542 --> 00:19:47.999
AND UNDER
THE WINGS AND BACK INTO HERE.

00:19:52.875 --> 00:19:55.541
DID STUART WANT
ANY OTHER DATA FROM THIS BIRD?

00:19:55.542 --> 00:19:56.958
NO.

00:19:56.959 --> 00:19:58.165
HE DIDN\'T?

00:19:58.166 --> 00:19:59.625
JUST BANDED.

00:20:01.959 --> 00:20:04.666
STILL ON CRUTCHES
FROM MY MOST GRACELESS FALL,

00:20:04.667 --> 00:20:06.998
MY FRIENDS
ATTACH A SATELLITE RADIO FOR ME.

00:20:06.999 --> 00:20:10.998
AND AS MY HAWK FLIES BACK
TO ITS ANCIENT LIFE IN THE WILD,

00:20:10.999 --> 00:20:16.000
ITS NEW RADIO WILL
E-MAIL ME REGULAR REPORTS.

00:20:41.166 --> 00:20:44.290
INEVITABLY THE SUMMER
COOLS, AND THE HAWKS, WIDELY

00:20:44.291 --> 00:20:46.249
SEPARATED ON THEIR
NESTING TERRITORIES,

00:20:46.250 --> 00:20:50.999
BEGIN TO GATHER FOR
THE FALL MIGRATION.

00:20:55.291 --> 00:20:58.707
THEIR ARDUOUS JOURNEY, FULL
OF RISKS WE HAVE ONLY BEGUN TO

00:20:58.708 --> 00:21:02.624
UNDERSTAND, WILL TAKE
THEM DOWN WESTERN NORTH AMERICA,

00:21:02.625 --> 00:21:08.792
THROUGH MEXICO AND ALL THE
WAY TO THE PAMPAS OF ARGENTINA.

00:21:16.708 --> 00:21:19.332
EVERY 4 DAYS
I GET A REPORT ON E-MAIL,

00:21:19.333 --> 00:21:23.499
TELLING OF ALL 29 SWAINSON\'S
HAWKS THAT HAVE BEEN BANDED

00:21:23.500 --> 00:21:26.999
THIS YEAR IN NORTH AMERICA
WITH REGULAR ALUMINUM LEG BANDS

00:21:27.000 --> 00:21:32.917
AND A BODY-PAK RADIO
STRAPPED ON TO THEIR BACKS.

00:21:37.708 --> 00:21:41.999
THE COORDINATOR
FOR THE RADIO TELEMETRY STUFF

00:21:42.000 --> 00:21:44.998
IS LINDA SHUIK, IN BOISE, IDAHO.

00:21:44.999 --> 00:21:46.624
HERE WE HAVE A
LIST OF ALL OF THE.

00:21:46.625 --> 00:21:51.998
THERE\'S NOW 24 RADIOS
ON SWAINSON\'S HAWKS THIS YEAR.

00:21:51.999 --> 00:21:56.374
LAST YEAR THERE WERE
12 AND THE YEAR BEFORE, 2.

00:21:56.375 --> 00:21:57.998
SO WE\'RE REALLY BUILDING UP.

00:21:57.999 --> 00:22:04.958
THIS IS THE 16TH BATCH
OF DATA I\'VE GOT IN THE FALL

00:22:04.959 --> 00:22:08.416
MIGRATION AND THIS
STUFF IS REALLY NEW.

00:22:08.417 --> 00:22:09.041
IT\'S HOT!

00:22:09.042 --> 00:22:14.165
WE\'VE LEARNED MORE ABOUT
THE SWAINSON\'S HAWK MIGRATION

00:22:14.166 --> 00:22:17.249
FROM LAST YEAR\'S
SATELLITE RADIOS

00:22:17.250 --> 00:22:21.458
THAN WE HAVE FROM 70
YEARS OF BIRD BANDING.

00:22:22.959 --> 00:22:25.998
I RECEIVED E-MAIL MESSAGES
WEEKLY, ALMOST LIKE POSTCARDS,

00:22:25.999 --> 00:22:30.333
AS MY HAWK FORGES
ITS WAY TO ARGENTINA.

00:22:43.291 --> 00:22:45.207
MARC\'S GOING DOWN THERE TOO.

00:22:45.208 --> 00:22:46.166
A MIGRATING BIOLOGIST.

00:22:46.167 --> 00:22:50.998
MEANWHILE, I\'M STILL HOME-BOUND
AFTER FALLING OUT OF THAT TREE.

00:22:50.999 --> 00:22:53.166
NO ARGENTINA FOR ME!

00:22:55.959 --> 00:22:59.749
HERE\'S AN E-MAIL THOUGH,
FROM MARC: \"STUART, MY ARGENTINE

00:22:59.750 --> 00:23:03.457
GRADUATE STUDENT, SONIA, IS
OUT COUNTING SWAINSON\'S HAWKS.

00:23:03.458 --> 00:23:08.457
SAW 10,000 SWAINSON\'S HAWKS
THIS MORNING BEFORE BREAKFAST.

00:23:08.458 --> 00:23:09.750
MARC.

00:23:15.708 --> 00:23:17.998
I\'LL START AN ARGENTINE
GRADUATE STUDENT, WHO\'S GOING TO

00:23:17.999 --> 00:23:20.374
DO A CONVENTIONAL RADIO
TELEMETRY PROJECT AND I\'LL HAVE

00:23:20.375 --> 00:23:24.624
HER FOCUS ON DIFFERENT FLOCKS
THAT ARE AT DIFFERENT ROOSTS.

00:23:24.625 --> 00:23:29.374
AND WE\'LL PUT 20
CONVENTIONAL RADIOS ON.

00:23:29.375 --> 00:23:32.833
WE\'LL MARK AS MANY BIRDS
AS WE CAN TO TRY TO SEE HOW

00:23:32.834 --> 00:23:34.999
CLOSELY TIED THE
DIFFERENT FLOCKS ARE

00:23:35.000 --> 00:23:37.207
AND WHETHER OR NOT
THEY MIX WITH EACH OTHER.

00:23:37.208 --> 00:23:40.582
AND GET A BETTER FEELING
FOR JUST WHAT THE HABITS

00:23:40.583 --> 00:23:41.707
OF THESE BIRDS ARE, DOWN THERE.

00:23:41.708 --> 00:23:44.998
AND I THINK IT\'S IMPORTANT
THAT WE LEARN SOME

00:23:44.999 --> 00:23:47.583
OF THE BASIC
BIOLOGY OF THE BIRDS.

00:23:48.542 --> 00:23:50.582
IT\'S JANUARY
ON THE CANADIAN PRAIRIE

00:23:50.583 --> 00:23:53.082
AND 40 DEGREES
BELOW ZERO IN SASKATCHEWAN.

00:23:53.083 --> 00:23:56.749
MY HAWKS\' WEEKLY E-MAIL
REPORTS ARE STILL COMING IN FROM

00:23:56.750 --> 00:24:00.624
WARM AND SUNNY ARGENTINA,
WHERE ALMOST THE WHOLE WORLD

00:24:00.625 --> 00:24:03.998
POPULATION OF
SWAINSON\'S HAWKS GATHERS.

00:24:03.999 --> 00:24:08.249
THE E-MAILS
ARE FLYING FAST AND FURIOUS.

00:24:08.250 --> 00:24:11.541
MARC SAYS THAT UNLIKE
THE NESTING PAIRS OF SWAINSON\'S

00:24:11.542 --> 00:24:15.998
HAWKS WE SEE HERE IN SUMMER,
HE SEES HAWKS IN FLOCKS OF

00:24:15.999 --> 00:24:18.791
THOUSANDS DOWN
IN THE GRASSY PAMPAS.

00:24:18.792 --> 00:24:19.083
IMAGINE!

00:24:19.084 --> 00:24:22.998
AND UNLIKE THE DELICIOUS
GOPHERS THEY FEED ON HERE,

00:24:22.999 --> 00:24:26.124
IN THE PAMPAS THE SWAINSON\'S
HAWKS FEED ON GRASSHOPPERS.

00:24:26.125 --> 00:24:30.166
A NICE CHANGE
FROM GOPHERS, I GUESS.

00:24:32.583 --> 00:24:35.958
MARC ALSO E-MAILS ME THAT
JUST AS THE CANADIAN GRASSLANDS

00:24:35.959 --> 00:24:38.457
HAVE BEEN CONVERTED
FOR AGRICULTURAL USE,

00:24:38.458 --> 00:24:41.998
SO HAVE THE GRASSLANDS
OF THE ARGENTINE PAMPAS.

00:24:41.999 --> 00:24:44.998
THIS WORRIES ME BECAUSE THE
CULTIVATION OF OUR PRAIRIE HAS

00:24:44.999 --> 00:24:48.958
CONTRIBUTED TO SUCH A DRASTIC
DECLINE OF THE SWAINSON\'S HAWK.

00:24:48.959 --> 00:24:52.998
NOT ONLY DO THEIR NESTS OFTEN
FAIL, BUT FOR VARIOUS REASONS,

00:24:52.999 --> 00:24:57.416
WE\'VE SEEN THE POPULATION
DROP TO HALF ITS FORMER

00:24:57.417 --> 00:25:01.666
NUMBERS IN JUST
THE PAST 10 YEARS.

00:25:01.667 --> 00:25:04.541
I\'M AFRAID OUR RECENT
PROBLEMS ARE DESTINED

00:25:04.542 --> 00:25:07.208
TO BE REPEATED ON THE PAMPAS.

00:25:08.625 --> 00:25:12.791
HISTORICALLY,
THEY HAVE GONE TO ARGENTINA

00:25:12.792 --> 00:25:13.542
TO THE PAMPAS TO WINTER

00:25:13.543 --> 00:25:18.833
AND RIGHT NOW
THERE\'S VERY LITTLE PAMPAS
THAT EXISTS ANY LONGER.

00:25:18.834 --> 00:25:21.207
IT\'S PRETTY MUCH BEEN
PLOUGHED UP AND CONVERTED

00:25:21.208 --> 00:25:26.290
TO AGRICULTURE AND INITIALLY
IT WAS CONVERTED TO ALFALFA

00:25:26.291 --> 00:25:29.541
PRODUCTION FOR CATTLE
GRAZING AND LIVESTOCK GRAZING

00:25:29.542 --> 00:25:34.374
AND I DON\'T KNOW IF THAT
WAS SUCH A SERIOUS CHANGE TO THE

00:25:34.375 --> 00:25:37.040
SWAINSON\'S HAWK BUT NOW
A MORE SERIOUS CHANGE IS THEY\'RE

00:25:37.041 --> 00:25:40.082
INCREASINGLY SWITCHING
TO THE PRODUCTION OF SUNFLOWERS.

00:25:40.083 --> 00:25:44.082
THAT POSES A SERIOUS PROBLEM
FROM A NUMBER OF STANDPOINTS.

00:25:44.083 --> 00:25:47.998
ONE OF WHICH IS SUNFLOWERS
GROW VERY CLOSE TO ONE ANOTHER

00:25:47.999 --> 00:25:52.165
AND VERY HIGH AND IT RENDERS
A FIELD USELESS TO A FLOCK OF

00:25:52.166 --> 00:25:55.416
SWAINSON\'S HAWKS BECAUSE
THEY AREN\'T EVEN ABLE TO LAND IN

00:25:55.417 --> 00:25:58.667
THE FIELD ANY
LONGER TO FIND ANY FOOD.

00:26:00.208 --> 00:26:02.332
THEN THAT BRINGS
THE USE OF PESTICIDES

00:26:02.333 --> 00:26:04.040
BECAUSE THE
GRASSHOPPERS COME IN.

00:26:04.041 --> 00:26:06.499
THEN THE FARMERS USE
THE CHEAPEST PESTICIDE,

00:26:06.500 --> 00:26:10.040
WHICH IS MONOCROTOPHOS,
WHICH IS AN OLD, OLD CHEMICAL.

00:26:10.041 --> 00:26:11.541
THE PATENT\'S RUN OUT ON IT.

00:26:11.542 --> 00:26:15.998
BUT IT\'S THE SECOND HIGHEST
USED PESTICIDE IN THE WORLD,

00:26:15.999 --> 00:26:18.749
APPARENTLY,
BECAUSE IT\'S SO CHEAP.

00:26:18.750 --> 00:26:21.124
AND IT\'S EXTREMELY TOXIC.

00:26:21.125 --> 00:26:22.874
THE HAWKS JUST DIE LIKE FLIES.

00:26:22.875 --> 00:26:26.624
IT\'S ONE SEVENTH
THE COST OF DAGNATHOID,

00:26:26.625 --> 00:26:28.998
WHICH IS WHAT
WE\'D RATHER THEY USE,

00:26:28.999 --> 00:26:32.875
BUT ONE SEVENTH
THE COST MAKES IT TOUGH.

00:26:47.000 --> 00:26:49.582
THERE\'S TWO IMPORTANT COMPONENTS
TO THE LANDSCAPE HERE.

00:26:49.583 --> 00:26:54.040
ONE IS THE MONTE, WHICH
IS IMPORTANT BECAUSE IT PROVIDES

00:26:54.041 --> 00:26:58.374
THESE BIRDS PROTECTION
IN ROOSTING AREAS

00:26:58.375 --> 00:27:00.582
AND THE OTHER
IS THE GRASSHOPPERS.

00:27:00.583 --> 00:27:04.916
AND THE MONTES, WELL,
THEY\'LL LAST FOR A WHILE

00:27:04.917 --> 00:27:08.374
AND SOMEDAY THEY\'LL
BECOME OLD AND FALL DOWN.

00:27:08.375 --> 00:27:13.541
AND THEN THE OTHER
THING IS THE GRASSHOPPERS ARE

00:27:13.542 --> 00:27:17.165
INCREASINGLY BEING ERADICATEDAND THE SPECIES
HAS COME HERE FOR THOUSANDS OF YEARS.

00:27:17.166 --> 00:27:20.707
IT ADAPTED ONCE
WHEN IT LOST THE LOCUST.

00:27:20.708 --> 00:27:22.998
IT SWITCHED FROM
FEEDING ON LOCUSTS

00:27:22.999 --> 00:27:26.416
AND BEGAN TO FEED
HEAVILY ON THE TECURA.

00:27:26.417 --> 00:27:27.916
IF IT LOSES THE TECURA,

00:27:27.917 --> 00:27:31.707
IT\'S QUESTIONABLE AS TO WHAT\'S
GOING TO HAPPEN TO THIS BIRD.

00:27:31.708 --> 00:27:34.874
THEY\'RE A DIFFERENT BIRD
ALTOGETHER IN SOUTH AMERICA.

00:27:34.875 --> 00:27:38.749
VERY SOCIAL. THOUSANDS
OF THEM LIVING IN A GROUP,

00:27:38.750 --> 00:27:44.165
FORAGING ALL DAY, COMING
BACK AND ROOSTING TOGETHER.

00:27:44.166 --> 00:27:47.624
THEY APPARENTLY DRINK TOGETHER,

00:27:47.625 --> 00:27:49.040
SLEEP TOGETHER AND EAT TOGETHER.

00:27:49.041 --> 00:27:54.958
AND NOT JUST BIRDS FROM ONE
PARTICULAR AREA LIVE TOGETHER.

00:27:54.959 --> 00:27:59.958
OUR SATELLITE TELEMETRY WORK
IS SHOWING US THAT BIRDS FROM

00:27:59.959 --> 00:28:05.582
CALIFORNIA, MINNESOTA,
IDAHO, CANADA, ALL WINTER

00:28:05.583 --> 00:28:11.416
AND USE THIS ROOST AT NIGHT
SO THEY SORT OF COME TOGETHER

00:28:11.417 --> 00:28:14.791
IN ONE LARGE
FAMILY OF SWAINSON\'S HAWKS,

00:28:14.792 --> 00:28:18.375
ALL INTERACTING
WITH ONE ANOTHER.

00:28:19.792 --> 00:28:22.457
THE PLANTATION IS FAIRLY
OPEN AND IT ENABLES THE HAWKS TO

00:28:22.458 --> 00:28:26.916
COME IN IN LARGE NUMBERS
AND THEY ROOST UP IN THE UPPER

00:28:26.917 --> 00:28:29.998
PORTION
OF THE MONTE AT NIGHTTIME
AND THERE\'LL BE SO MANY

00:28:29.999 --> 00:28:32.998
OF THEM IN THESE GROVES
OF TREES, THEY\'LL ACTUALLY WEIGH

00:28:32.999 --> 00:28:35.582
DOWN THE BRANCHES
ON THE EUCALYPTUS TREES

00:28:35.583 --> 00:28:39.541
AND IT IS REALLY
A PHENOMENAL SIGHT TO SEE.

00:28:39.542 --> 00:28:43.332
THERE CAN BE AS MANY AS
10,000, 15,000 SWAINSON\'S HAWKS

00:28:43.333 --> 00:28:46.999
ROOSTING IN
THESE TREES OVERNIGHT.

00:28:47.166 --> 00:28:49.666
AND THEN FIRST
THING IN THE MORNING THEY DEPART

00:28:49.667 --> 00:28:53.666
AND GO OUT TO FORAGE AND GO OUT

00:28:53.667 --> 00:28:57.542
AND USE THE FIELDS
THAT SURROUND THIS AREA.

00:28:59.000 --> 00:29:02.416
THIS PLANTATION OF EUCALYPTUS,
AS A MATTER OF FACT,

00:29:02.417 --> 00:29:05.916
WAS THE FIRST PLACE WHERE
A LARGE MORTALITY OCCURRED.

00:29:05.917 --> 00:29:12.749
IN 1995, 750 HAWKS
WERE FOUND HERE ONE MORNING DEAD

00:29:12.750 --> 00:29:14.332
ON THE FLOOR OF THE MONTE.

00:29:14.333 --> 00:29:19.916
THEY\'D BEEN
SPRAYED IN THE SURROUNDING
FIELD THE DAY PREVIOUS

00:29:19.917 --> 00:29:22.416
AND THEN CAME HERE IN
THE EVENING AND DIED OVERNIGHT.

00:29:22.417 --> 00:29:28.916
SO THIS REALLY HAS BEEN A
KEY MONTE IN ALERTING US TO THE

00:29:28.917 --> 00:29:33.999
PROBLEM OF PESTICIDE
USAGE IN THE AREA AND REALLY THE

00:29:34.000 --> 00:29:38.082
SERIOUSNESS OF THE DEVELOPMENT
OF AGRICULTURE IN THIS AREA

00:29:38.083 --> 00:29:41.667
TO WINTERING
FLOCKS OF SWAINSON\'S HAWKS.

00:29:46.125 --> 00:29:48.332
THE IRONY IS THAT THE SWAINSON\'S
HAWK IS KNOWN IN ARGENTINA

00:29:48.333 --> 00:29:53.082
AS THE GRASSHOPPER HAWK BECAUSE
THESE HUGE FLOCKS DESCEND

00:29:53.083 --> 00:29:56.707
IN MASSE INTO THE
FIELDS ND EAT THE GRASSHOPPERS.

00:29:56.708 --> 00:29:59.998
THE HAWK IS FRIEND TO
THE ARGENTINE FARMER, HELPING TO

00:29:59.999 --> 00:30:03.166
CONTROL THE
GRASSHOPPER POPULATION.

00:30:05.291 --> 00:30:07.207
THESE POOR FARMERS ARE
TRYING TO KILL THE GRASSHOPPERS

00:30:07.208 --> 00:30:10.290
THAT DESTROY THEIR CROPS
AND THEY POUR ON CHEMICALS.

00:30:10.291 --> 00:30:13.999
AND OF COURSE WHAT
DO THEY DO, BUT BUY THE CHEAPEST

00:30:14.000 --> 00:30:16.333
CHEMICAL? MONOCROTOPHOS.

00:30:16.792 --> 00:30:18.998
IT\'S ONE OF THE MOST
TOXIC CHEMICALS EVER KNOWN.

00:30:18.999 --> 00:30:21.541
IT WAS USED FOR
BOLL WEEVILS IN COTTON FIELDS,

00:30:21.542 --> 00:30:25.998
AND THEN THE AMERICANS FOUND OUT
HOW DESPERATELY TOXIC IT WAS,

00:30:25.999 --> 00:30:29.208
AND THEY TOOK
IT OFF THE REGISTER.

00:30:29.999 --> 00:30:31.998
AND WHEN THE FARMERS NOW
LOOK TO THE UNITED STATES TO SEE

00:30:31.999 --> 00:30:35.708
THE LISTING OF
THIS CHEMICAL, IT IS NOT THERE.

00:30:40.999 --> 00:30:45.290
LAST YEAR 3 OF US CAME
TO LOOK AT SWAINSON\'S HAWKS

00:30:45.291 --> 00:30:47.707
AND TRY TO DOCUMENT MORTALITIES.

00:30:47.708 --> 00:30:51.791
AT THE END OF OUR
STAY WE HAD ONLY FOUND A HANDFUL

00:30:51.792 --> 00:30:54.999
OF DEAD BIRDS, AND IT SEEMED LIKE PERHAPS
THE PROBLEM WASN\'T ALL THAT GREAT.

00:30:55.000 --> 00:30:57.999
IF IT WASN\'T
FOR AUGUSTINE LANUSSE,

00:30:58.000 --> 00:31:01.998
WE WOULD NEVER
NEVER FOUND THE 5,000 BIRDS

00:31:01.999 --> 00:31:05.999
THAT WE DOCUMENTED
AS HAVING DIED LAST YEAR.

00:31:07.999 --> 00:31:10.541
THERE WAS THE
FIRST ONE OVER THERE.

00:31:10.542 --> 00:31:15.374
I FOUND LOTS
OF DEAD BIRDS
EVERYWHERE.

00:31:15.375 --> 00:31:16.998
(SOME BIRDS WERE
STILL ALIVE,
BUT JUST DYING.)

00:31:16.999 --> 00:31:17.500
()

00:31:17.500 --> 00:31:17.999
()

00:31:17.999 --> 00:31:18.667
()

00:31:18.667 --> 00:31:19.125
()

00:31:19.126 --> 00:31:27.126
()

00:31:28.041 --> 00:31:36.041
WE TOOK BLOOD
SAMPLES TRYING TO HELP.

00:31:37.583 --> 00:31:39.833
MIKE GOLDSTEIN AND
BRIAN WOODBRIDGE CAME OUT HERE

00:31:39.834 --> 00:31:42.207
AND JUST FOUND ALL THESE BIRDS
JUST LINING THIS WHOLE ROW.

00:31:42.208 --> 00:31:48.998
I WAS BACK IN BOISE, IDAHO
AND THEY CALLED UP AND SAID,

00:31:48.999 --> 00:31:52.750
WE FOUND A FIELD
WITH JUST A MASS CARNAGE\".

00:31:54.417 --> 00:31:59.541
I DON\'T KNOW ANYTHING
ABOUT WAR, BUT I LOOKED BACK

00:31:59.542 --> 00:32:01.875
AND I SAW FLASHBACKS.

00:32:12.959 --> 00:32:17.916
I FOUND BIRDS IN
THESE BRANCHES JUST
DEAD, FRESH DEAD.

00:32:17.917 --> 00:32:23.124
THEY CAME IN FROM
THE FIELD, HIT THESE TREES.

00:32:23.125 --> 00:32:26.749
THEY FELL TO THE GROUND,
OR THEY FELL AND GOT HUNG UPON

00:32:26.750 --> 00:32:30.125
THE FENCE,
AND THIS IS WHERE THEY DIED.

00:32:41.000 --> 00:32:44.959
IT\'S THE LARGEST
BIRD KILL ON RECORD.

00:32:45.208 --> 00:32:47.916
EVERYONE CAME
OUT OF THIS PLACE THAT DAY

00:32:47.917 --> 00:32:49.998
WITH A TEAR IN THEIR EYES.

00:32:49.999 --> 00:32:54.083
IT WAS, YOU KNOW, SAD.

00:33:00.000 --> 00:33:03.707
THOSE DAILY PHONE CALLS FROM
MARC ARE ETCHED IN MY MEMORY.

00:33:03.708 --> 00:33:05.541
THE NEWS FROM
ARGENTINA WAS GRIM.

00:33:05.542 --> 00:33:10.332
\"STUART,\" HE\'D SAY, \"THEY
FOUND ANOTHER ONE OF YOUR BANDS

00:33:10.333 --> 00:33:11.999
ON ONE OF THE DEAD BIRDS TODAY.

00:33:12.000 --> 00:33:17.998
\" THREE OF MY HAWKS DIED
FROM THE POISONING IN ARGENTINA.

00:33:17.999 --> 00:33:21.958
ONE WAS BANDED JULY 26, 1987.

00:33:21.959 --> 00:33:23.499
IT WAS 12 AND A HALF YEARS OLD.

00:33:23.500 --> 00:33:29.124
IT HAD ALREADY MADE 12
TRIPS DOWN, AND 12 TRIPS BACK;

00:33:29.125 --> 00:33:30.998
AN AWFUL LOT OF MILES.

00:33:30.999 --> 00:33:36.082
THE SECOND BIRD
WAS BANDED JULY 23, 1990.

00:33:36.083 --> 00:33:38.207
IT WAS FOUND DEAD 5 YEARS LATER,

00:33:38.208 --> 00:33:43.250
THE THIRD JUST HALF
A YEAR BEFORE IT WAS FOUND DEAD.

00:33:45.542 --> 00:33:48.082
THE SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY
DOCUMENTED THIS TRAGEDY.

00:33:48.083 --> 00:33:51.666
THE DAUNTING TASK WAS
UNDERTAKEN BY BRIAN WOODBRIDGE

00:33:51.667 --> 00:33:55.165
OF THE US FOREST
SERVICE, AND MICHAEL GOLDSTEIN,

00:33:55.166 --> 00:33:59.000
A GRADUATE
STUDENT AT CLEMSON UNIVERSITY.

00:33:59.375 --> 00:34:02.833
WE CAME BACK DOWN
AND ALEC STEIN HAD
ALREADY BEGUN TO

00:34:02.834 --> 00:34:08.750
ASSESS SEVERAL
SITES IN WHICH DEAD
BIRDS WERE FOUND.

00:34:11.041 --> 00:34:14.749
WE ALSO FOUND
4 BIRDS THAT COULD NOT MOVE,

00:34:14.750 --> 00:34:16.874
COULD NOT MOVE, PERIOD.

00:34:16.875 --> 00:34:21.624
LOOKED LIKE THEY HAD
BEEN THAT WAY FOR SEVERAL DAYS;

00:34:21.625 --> 00:34:25.998
VERY DEHYDRATED.TWO OF WHICH WERE IN
TERRIBLE SHAPE AND WERE EUTHANIZED.

00:34:25.999 --> 00:34:32.417
ONE OF THE SADDEST,
HARDEST THINGS I\'VE EVER DONE.

00:34:34.041 --> 00:34:36.958
WE ANALYZED THESE
TWO SPECIMENS FOR BRAIN NEURO

00:34:36.959 --> 00:34:42.165
TRANSMISSION ENZYMES,
AND THEY WERE REDUCED BELOW THE

00:34:42.166 --> 00:34:45.833
POINT OF CLINICAL
DETERMINATION OF DEATH AS WELL.

00:34:45.834 --> 00:34:47.791
SO THESE BIRDS WERE
IN FACT BRAIN DEAD.

00:34:47.792 --> 00:34:55.792
THEY WERE SO FRESH..I DON\'T
KNOW, I GUESS EVERYBODY CRIES,

00:34:56.667 --> 00:35:01.582
BUT IT PUT A WHOLE GROUP
OF PEOPLE TO TEARS, INSTANTLY.

00:35:01.583 --> 00:35:06.998
WHAT WE FELT WAS THAT WE
NEEDED TO DOCUMENT THIS AS BEST

00:35:06.999 --> 00:35:10.000
WE COULD SO THAT
IT DOESN\'T HAPPEN AGAIN.

00:35:10.417 --> 00:35:11.998
WE COLLECTED BIRDS
AND BROUGHT THEM IN.

00:35:11.999 --> 00:35:17.207
THEY WERE JUST UP AND
DOWN THIS ROOST; FENCE LINE,

00:35:17.208 --> 00:35:18.998
UNDER TREES, IN TREES.

00:35:18.999 --> 00:35:20.916
WE\'D GO AND WE\'D GRAB THEM.

00:35:20.917 --> 00:35:25.998
WE WANTED TO HAVE A PILE WHICH
DEFINITELY WASN\'T INCLUSIVE

00:35:25.999 --> 00:35:29.249
OF NEARLY ALL THE
BIRDS THAT WERE EVEN ALONG

00:35:29.250 --> 00:35:29.999
THIS 50 METER SECTION.

00:35:30.000 --> 00:35:34.290
WE WANTED TO HAVE A PILE
OF BIRDS THAT WE COULD SAMPLE

00:35:34.291 --> 00:35:37.791
FROM AND WE WANTED
TO HAVE A PILE OF BIRDS

00:35:37.792 --> 00:35:40.998
WHICH WE COULD
TAKE A PICTURE OF.

00:35:40.999 --> 00:35:43.499
WE WALKED FIELDS,
WE COUNTED BIRDS, WE LOOKED,

00:35:43.500 --> 00:35:46.998
WE TOOK SAMPLES,
WE SEARCHED THE LEGS FOR BANDS,

00:35:46.999 --> 00:35:50.998
AND WE TRIED TO
DOCUMENT THE SITUATION

00:35:50.999 --> 00:35:52.416
THROUGH FORMAL TESTIMONIES,

00:35:52.417 --> 00:35:53.999
ACTUAL TESTIMONIES
AS BEST WE COULD.

00:35:54.000 --> 00:35:58.541
WE TOOK THE HEADS INTACT,
SO THAT THE BRAIN CAVITY WAS

00:35:58.542 --> 00:36:03.707
KEPT CLOSED SO THAT IT WOULDN\'T
BE CONTAMINATED IN ANY WAY.

00:36:03.708 --> 00:36:07.874
WE TOOK LIVERS, WE TOOK KIDNEYS,

00:36:07.875 --> 00:36:10.707
WE TOOK GASTROINTESTINAL TRACTS.

00:36:10.708 --> 00:36:16.998
WE DOCUMENTED
MONOCROTOPHOS IN THE G.I. TRACT,

00:36:16.999 --> 00:36:19.207
THE GASTROINTESTINAL
TRACT CONTENTS.

00:36:19.208 --> 00:36:21.666
ALSO ON THE FEATHERS.

00:36:21.667 --> 00:36:23.082
(AND WE FOUND BRAIN COLESTRINASE
INHIBITED 95%, 97%, 99%)

00:36:23.083 --> 00:36:31.083
()

00:36:31.667 --> 00:36:34.998
IN FRESH BRAIN SAMPLES
THAT WE COLLECTED.

00:36:34.999 --> 00:36:37.833
WE HAD FEATHER SAMPLES,
FOOTWASH SAMPLES, HEADS,

00:36:37.834 --> 00:36:42.249
GASTROINTESTINAL TRACTS..AND
THOSE WERE BASICALLY USED TO

00:36:42.250 --> 00:36:45.375
DOCUMENT ACTUAL
CHEMICAL EXPOSURE.

00:36:46.125 --> 00:36:48.998
THIS CHEMICAL
LEAVES
A BIOCHEMICAL
SIGNATURE

00:36:48.999 --> 00:36:50.332
BECAUSE IT\'S
A NERVE TOXIN.

00:36:50.333 --> 00:36:53.207
WE CAN EITHER TAKE A SAMPLE
OF BRAIN FROM A DEAD ANIMAL

00:36:53.208 --> 00:36:57.582
OR IF THE ANIMAL IS STILL
ALIVE WE CAN ALSO TAKE A BLOOD

00:36:57.583 --> 00:36:58.500
SAMPLE AS A SURROGATE.

00:36:58.501 --> 00:37:03.165
WE CAN BRING THAT SAMPLE
INTO THE LAB AND WE CAN MEASURE

00:37:03.166 --> 00:37:04.998
FOR A VITAL BRAIN ENZYME

00:37:04.999 --> 00:37:07.998
OR IT\'S ALSO AN ENZYME
THAT\'S FOUND IN THE BLOOD.

00:37:07.999 --> 00:37:11.207
WE CAN MEASURE THAT ENZYME
AND BASED ON THE CONCENTRATION

00:37:11.208 --> 00:37:14.416
OF THAT ENZYME WE CAN
TELL WHETHER THE ANIMAL HAS BEEN

00:37:14.417 --> 00:37:17.624
EXPOSED OR NOT
TO THIS TYPE OF CHEMICAL.

00:37:17.625 --> 00:37:19.416
SO WHEN WE HAVE A LARGE KILL

00:37:19.417 --> 00:37:23.998
WHAT WE LIKE TO DO IS
TO HAVE THE CHEMICAL CERTAINTY.

00:37:23.999 --> 00:37:25.707
SO THE SAMPLES
GO TO OUR CHEMICAL LAB,

00:37:25.708 --> 00:37:27.707
USUALLY THOSE
ARE STOMACH CONTENTS.

00:37:27.708 --> 00:37:30.249
AND THEY WILL
EXTRACT THEM AND LOOK

00:37:30.250 --> 00:37:32.624
FOR THE PESTICIDE TO GET
THE IDENTITY OF THE PESTICIDE.

00:37:32.625 --> 00:37:37.582
AND THEN WE LIKE TO
HAVE ALSO THE BIOCHEMICAL PROOF

00:37:37.583 --> 00:37:40.040
THAT THE ANIMAL IN FACT DIED.

00:37:40.041 --> 00:37:42.916
ALTHOUGH, WHEN YOU HAVE 3,000,IT\'S KIND OF
HARD TO THINK THAT THEY DIED OF ANYTHING ELSE,

00:37:42.917 --> 00:37:44.958
BUT NEVERTHELESS,
IT\'S NOT ALWAYS THAT CLEAR-CUT.

00:37:44.959 --> 00:37:47.791
TO HAVE THE BIOCHEMICAL
MARKER AS WELL AS THE CHEMISTRY.

00:37:47.792 --> 00:37:49.624
SO WHEN YOU HAVE
THOSE TWO THINGS TOGETHER

00:37:49.625 --> 00:37:51.874
THERE ARE ALL SORTS
OF GOOD SCIENTIFIC REASONS

00:37:51.875 --> 00:37:53.998
AS TO WHY YOU DON\'T
ALWAYS HAVE BOTH OF THEM

00:37:53.999 --> 00:37:56.332
BUT ASSUMING YOU
HAVE BOTH, YOU BASICALLY

00:37:56.333 --> 00:37:58.998
HAVE THE EQUIVALENT
OF THE SMOKING GUN.

00:37:58.999 --> 00:37:59.999
YOU\'VE GOT THE PESTICIDE THERE,

00:38:00.000 --> 00:38:04.249
YOU HAVE THE MOTIVE
ACTION IN THE BRAIN,

00:38:04.250 --> 00:38:07.457
CLEAR INDICATION THAT
THE ENZYME IS INHIBITED,

00:38:07.458 --> 00:38:09.999
IT\'S CASE CLOSED.

00:38:10.166 --> 00:38:13.457
WHEN I SAW THAT, I THOUGHT,
I REMEMBER, I THOUGHT, NOW,

00:38:13.458 --> 00:38:15.791
(NOW WE HAVE A
GOOD KARMA TO BEGIN AGAIN,
TO MAKE REAL CHANGES.))

00:38:15.792 --> 00:38:16.291
()

00:38:16.292 --> 00:38:24.292
()

00:38:24.999 --> 00:38:31.666
SO I RESCUE A POSITIVE
THING TO ALL THIS.

00:38:31.667 --> 00:38:37.166
THEY HELP US WITH THEIR DEATH.

00:38:43.417 --> 00:38:46.082
THE E-MAIL REPORTS OF MY HAWK
WOULD COME IN REGULARLY FROM

00:38:46.083 --> 00:38:48.207
THE WINTERING
GROUNDS IN ARGENTINA,

00:38:48.208 --> 00:38:52.998
NOVEMBER 30 TO FEBRUARY 13,
STILL SAFE, SO FAR, STILL SAFE.

00:38:52.999 --> 00:38:57.749
LAST YEAR, THE DEATH
OF THOUSANDS OF HAWKS SHOCKED

00:38:57.750 --> 00:38:58.750
EVERYONE INTO ACTION.

00:38:58.751 --> 00:39:02.666
THE PESTICIDE MANUFACTURER,
CIBA-GEIGY, WORKED VIGOROUSLY

00:39:02.667 --> 00:39:06.082
WITH THE GOVERNMENTS
OF CANADA, THE US AND ARGENTINA,

00:39:06.083 --> 00:39:10.249
AS WELL AS THE NATIONAL BIRD
CONSERVANCY IN A RACE AGAINST

00:39:10.250 --> 00:39:12.791
THE CLOCK, DEVISING
A PLAN OF ACTION

00:39:12.792 --> 00:39:16.791
TO PREVENT A REOCCURRENCE
OF THIS MASS CARNAGE.

00:39:16.792 --> 00:39:18.707
NO POINTING FINGERS OF BLAME,

00:39:18.708 --> 00:39:22.959
JUST COOPERATION
FOR THE SAKE OF THE HAWKS.

00:39:27.000 --> 00:39:28.457
SO THERE ARE A NUMBER OF PEOPLE

00:39:28.458 --> 00:39:29.998
WHO HAVE PUT THINGS INTO PLACE.

00:39:29.999 --> 00:39:32.916
THERE HAVE BEEN
COMMUNICATION PACKAGES

00:39:32.917 --> 00:39:35.874
THAT HAVE GONE
OUT TO THE FARMERS IN THE AREA

00:39:35.875 --> 00:39:37.666
WHERE THE HAWKS
WINTER IN ARGENTINA,

00:39:37.667 --> 00:39:39.165
TELLING THEM ABOUT THE BIRD,

00:39:39.166 --> 00:39:44.040
ABOUT THE USEFULNESS
OF THE BIRD, ABOUT THE FACT SOME OF THE
PESTICIDES, ONE IN PARTICULAR,

00:39:44.041 --> 00:39:46.290
MONOCROTOPHOS,
THAT THEY WERE USING IN THE PAST

00:39:46.291 --> 00:39:47.707
TO CONTROL GRASSHOPPERS,
IS KILLING THEM.

00:39:47.708 --> 00:39:50.165
SO THAT PACKAGE HAS
GONE OUT TO THE GROWERS.

00:39:50.166 --> 00:39:53.582
THERE WILL BE TEAMS
OF PEOPLE FROM THE

00:39:53.583 --> 00:39:54.749
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE,

00:39:54.750 --> 00:39:56.998
THERE WILL BE TEAMS
OF PEOPLE FROM A LARGE

00:39:56.999 --> 00:40:01.874
ORNITHOLOGICAL
BIRD ORGANIZATION,
PATROLLING THE AREA,

00:40:01.875 --> 00:40:04.999
LOOKING FOR PROBLEMS,
LOOKING FOR KILLS.

00:40:05.000 --> 00:40:08.499
ONE OF THE MAIN AGRICULTURAL
GROUPS OUT THERE,

00:40:08.500 --> 00:40:13.040
THEY\'RE CALLED INTA,
THEY\'RE THE GOVERNMENT,

00:40:13.041 --> 00:40:16.290
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE,
THE AGRONOMY SIDE

00:40:16.291 --> 00:40:21.416
AND THEY HAVE QUITE AN
EXTENSIVE NETWORK AROUND

00:40:21.417 --> 00:40:26.375
THE COUNTRY TO HELP FARMERS
TO MAKE AGRICULTURAL DECISIONS.

00:40:27.542 --> 00:40:29.624
INTA, IN MY GOAL SCHEME,
WILL PLAY A VERY INTEGRAL ROLE.

00:40:29.625 --> 00:40:32.749
THEIR MAIN FOCUS THIS
YEAR WILL BE JUST SCANNING THE

00:40:32.750 --> 00:40:36.749
COUNTRYSIDE, INTERVIEWING
FARMERS, INTERVIEWING ANYONE

00:40:36.750 --> 00:40:41.791
THEY CAN FIND, ASKING IF
THEY\'VE SEEN ANY DEAD HAWKS OR

00:40:41.792 --> 00:40:45.416
ANY PLACES WHERE PESTICIDES
ARE BEING APPLIED SO THAT

00:40:45.417 --> 00:40:46.417
PEOPLE CAN GO AND VISIT

00:40:46.418 --> 00:40:49.750
AND VERIFY IF THERE\'S
BEEN ANY MORTALITY.

00:40:50.166 --> 00:40:56.874
HERE WE ARE, IN THE ANTAITALIA,
NORTH OF LA PAMPA PROVINCE.

00:40:56.875 --> 00:41:00.499
HERE IS THE MAIN
SWAINSON\'S HAWK AREA.

00:41:00.500 --> 00:41:05.998
SO WE AGREED JUST TO WITHDRAW
THE PRODUCT, ALL THIS AREA.

00:41:05.999 --> 00:41:13.624
IT SEEMS THAT THIS
IS VERY INTERESTING
BECAUSE WE SAVE NOT

00:41:13.625 --> 00:41:17.332
ONLY ONE SPECIES,
BUT SAVE MAYBE
SEVERAL SPECIES,

00:41:17.333 --> 00:41:21.457
LOCAL OR INTERNATIONAL,
IT DOESN\'T MATTER.

00:41:21.458 --> 00:41:25.999
THEY ARE ALL OUR SPECIES.

00:41:33.500 --> 00:41:38.457
THE ONLY WAY TO WORK IS
COOPERATING, ONE TO EACH OTHER,

00:41:38.458 --> 00:41:43.999
AND HOLDING
HANDS AND PUSHING FORWARD.

00:42:09.999 --> 00:42:13.165
EXCITING NEWS!
MY SWAINSON\'S HAWK IS NOW MOVING

00:42:13.166 --> 00:42:15.998
NORTH FROM THE
PAMPAS OF ARGENTINA.

00:42:15.999 --> 00:42:20.374
MORE THAN 1,000 KM EACH
WEEK TO FAR NORTHERN ARGENTINA,

00:42:20.375 --> 00:42:25.207
TO BOLIVIA, TO THE AMAZON
VALLEY OF WESTERN BRAZIL,

00:42:25.208 --> 00:42:28.332
TO PANAMA,
TO CHIAPIZ...., MEXICO,

00:42:28.333 --> 00:42:31.041
TO NEAR SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS.

00:42:32.542 --> 00:42:34.332
THIS WHOLE EPISODE
OF THE SWAINSON\'S HAWK;

00:42:34.333 --> 00:42:36.998
IT\'S A NEGATIVE THING,
BUT IT\'S REALLY BEEN A POSITIVE

00:42:36.999 --> 00:42:43.040
THING IN THAT IT\'S REALLY
BROUGHT TOGETHER A LOT OF PEOPLE

00:42:43.041 --> 00:42:46.499
IN THREE VERY DISTANT
COUNTRIES, CANADA,

00:42:46.500 --> 00:42:51.374
THE US AND ARGENTINA,
THAT NORMALLY WOULD NEVER,

00:42:51.375 --> 00:42:53.249
EVER HAVE COMMUNICATED
WITH EACH OTHER.

00:42:53.250 --> 00:42:56.249
AND I REALLY THINK
THAT IT\'S GOING TO LEAD

00:42:56.250 --> 00:42:57.998
TO A GOOD THING IN THE END.

00:42:57.999 --> 00:43:03.998
I THINK WHEN WE\'RE DONE,
I THINK WE WILL HAVE BROUGHT A

00:43:03.999 --> 00:43:08.290
GOOD DEAL OF NEW
TECHNOLOGY, WE\'LL HAVE, I THINK,

00:43:08.291 --> 00:43:11.707
DONE A FAIRLY GOOD JOB
OF EDUCATING PEOPLE IN ARGENTINA

00:43:11.708 --> 00:43:15.998
CONCERNING WILDLIFE AND
ALERTING THEM TO PROBLEMS THAT

00:43:15.999 --> 00:43:19.749
WE\'VE DEALT WITH DOWN THROUGH
THE YEARS, LIKE PESTICIDE

00:43:19.750 --> 00:43:21.624
PROBLEMS AND THINGS LIKE THAT,

00:43:21.625 --> 00:43:23.833
THAT THEY\'RE NOW
JUST STARTING TO STRUGGLE WITH.

00:43:23.834 --> 00:43:27.499
WHEN THIS PROJECT IS OVER,
THEY WILL HAVE PUT TOGETHER

00:43:27.500 --> 00:43:30.833
A LABORATORY WHERE THEY CAN
DO THEIR OWN PESTICIDE ANALYSIS.

00:43:30.834 --> 00:43:35.999
THEY CAN MONITOR PESTICIDE
RESIDUES IN THE COUNTRY WITHOUT

00:43:36.000 --> 00:43:38.833
ANY HELP FROM
AMERICANS OR CANADIANS.

00:43:38.834 --> 00:43:44.208
AND I THINK THAT\'S
GOING TO BE A PLUS FOR THEM.

00:43:45.291 --> 00:43:48.998
IN MY LIFETIME THE USE OF
PESTICIDES AND THEIR EFFECT ON

00:43:48.999 --> 00:43:52.124
WILDLIFE HAS POLARIZED
ENVIRONMENTAL GROUPS,

00:43:52.125 --> 00:43:54.999
FARMERS AND
PESTICIDE MANUFACTURERS.

00:43:55.000 --> 00:43:58.374
BUT HERE IN THIS
INSTANCE A NEW ENLIGHTENED

00:43:58.375 --> 00:43:59.416
PATH WAS PIONEERED.

00:43:59.417 --> 00:44:03.833
THE PESTICIDE MANUFACTURER,
CIBA-GEIGY, THE GOVERNMENTS

00:44:03.834 --> 00:44:07.874
OF THREE COUNTRIES, CONSERVATION
GROUPS, NUMEROUS BIOLOGISTS,

00:44:07.875 --> 00:44:11.416
ARGENTINE FARMERS AND
CARING INDIVIDUALS ALL WORKED

00:44:11.417 --> 00:44:14.833
TOGETHER IN A SPIRIT
OF COOPERATION FOR THE BENEFIT

00:44:14.834 --> 00:44:18.999
OF THE SWAINSON\'S HAWK; ONE
OF THE MANY SPECIES OF MIGRATING

00:44:19.000 --> 00:44:21.624
BIRDS WHICH ENRICH
LIFE FOR US ALL.

00:44:21.625 --> 00:44:26.290
THE FUTURE OF CONSERVATION
IN THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE

00:44:26.291 --> 00:44:28.624
TURNED A MOST
SIGNIFICANT CORNER,

00:44:28.625 --> 00:44:33.458
ENGENDERING FRESH
NEW HOPE TO ALL CONCERNED.

00:44:34.999 --> 00:44:36.207
WE PUT DOWN OUR
FRONTIER BOUNDARIES,

00:44:36.208 --> 00:44:41.416
OUR COUNTRY FLAGS
AND WE TAKE AWAY THOSE BORDERS.

00:44:41.417 --> 00:44:44.500
THE BIRD FLIES BORDERS.

00:45:18.834 --> 00:45:21.707
I THINK THE MOST IMPORTANT
THING HERE TO KEEP IN MIND

00:45:21.708 --> 00:45:23.833
IS THAT THIS DOESN\'T HAVE TO BE.

00:45:23.834 --> 00:45:25.999
THERE ARE OTHER WAYS TO DO IT.

00:45:26.000 --> 00:45:29.998
IN THIS CASE, IN ARGENTINA,
THERE WERE OTHER INSECTICIDES

00:45:29.999 --> 00:45:32.707
THAT COULD BE USED
THAT WOULD NOT HAVE

00:45:32.708 --> 00:45:34.999
A SIMILAR IMPACT ON THE HAWK.

00:45:52.999 --> 00:45:54.499
IT\'S ALMOST A MARTYR.

00:45:54.500 --> 00:45:55.500
IT\'S A FLAGSHIP SYMBOL NOW.

00:45:55.501 --> 00:45:59.125
IT\'S GOING TO CHANGE
THE FACE OF CONSERVATION.

00:45:59.500 --> 00:46:03.998
THE E-MAIL MADE MY DAY!
MY HAWK MADE IT BACK HOME,

00:46:03.999 --> 00:46:05.959
SAFE AND SOUND.

00:46:40.917 --> 00:46:44.165
SINCE I WAS A BOY, I\'VE WATCHED
EACH SPRING FOR THE RETURN

00:46:44.166 --> 00:46:46.958
OF THE SWAINSON\'S
HAWK TO ITS NESTING GROUNDS.

00:46:46.959 --> 00:46:50.958
NEVER WITH MORE ANTICIPATION
THAN IN THESE TROUBLED TIMES.

00:46:50.959 --> 00:46:55.040
AND NEVER WITH MORE
JOY HAVE I EXCLAIMED,

00:46:55.041 --> 00:46:57.041
\"THEY\'RE BACK!\"