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(dramatic instrumental music)

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I just opened the door.

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And then that's when I saw these five guys hold the girls,

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and yeah, with the weapon facing me.

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My first reflex was to kind of step back,

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and then they grabbed me by the shirt

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and just took me out.

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I saw the big ax.

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I knew they didn't come for us,

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I knew it was for the rhino.

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And then they ask me, "Where are the rhino horn?"

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And I just told them, "We are a rhino orphanage,

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"we just have babies, we don't have horns."

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What was going through your mind at that stage?

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Yeah, just you know, knowing why they were here.

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It was for the rhino, and thinking about

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all the babies, you know.

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They've got such a tiny horn.

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And yeah, I think about all of them.

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All this time I spent with them,

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feeding them, putting them through trauma,

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and just thinking now they are alone there,

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facing it again.

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You know, it's just...

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(ethereal instrumental music)

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I put the question marks to rhino horn shavings,

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so it might be the same horn,

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but it could be potentially another horn.

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You need to know where the stuff comes from, where it goes.

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The whole supply chain might start in Kruger,

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but where the hell does it end up?

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The Kruger National Park is home

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to the largest population of rhinos on the planet,

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and they are being poached here.

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[Female Announcer] A high-stakes war

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against trafficking of something worth more

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than gold, cocaine, even diamonds,

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the coveted horn of the endangered rhino.

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Being sold on the black market to Asia,

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an epidemic of slaughter, that at this rate,

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the rhino is doomed.

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[Female Announcer] And on the ground,

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the situation resembles war.

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(shouting in foreign language)

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Put your hands up!
Hands up!

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(invigorating electronic music)

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There's really only

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one suspect that's been arrested?

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Yes, only one suspect,

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a Chinese national.

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He was traveling to Hong Kong.

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(speaking in foreign language)

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(motorcycle engines)

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So, the rhino, it will go like blood.

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Like blood, you see?

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Beautiful, huh?

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So how many would you make from one horn?

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Six kilo, six kilo horn can make a lot.

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How much is it per gram?

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One gram, two million dong,

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about 94 US dollar for one gram.

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94?
94?

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It's a rhino!

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Okay, I'm good to go.

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So then I'll just do two--

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That's your mode of transport for today, du Bod.

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This is illegal.

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This used to be our day job.

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'Kay, one more, quickly.

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Closer on you, hold on, and go.

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(speaking in foreign language)

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It's not every day

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one gets a chance to live their dream,

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but here both of us where living an outdoor life,

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what we had dreamed of doing since we were kids.

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Susan trained as a cinematographer in the States,

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but opportunities were limited

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for female cines back in the '90s.

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Returning home to South Africa,

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she edited for some of the best wildlife filmmakers,

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until she was brave enough to start filming again.

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(adventurous instrumental music)

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My path was very different.

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Approached by a modeling scout during my college years,

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I became a model after graduation.

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It was a surreal experience that lasted several years,

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but my heart never left wildlife.

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The more we debate this--

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And I chose a field reporting job

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with South Africa's National Broadcaster

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over an agency in London.

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In the heart of South Africa--

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It was the best thing I ever did.

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Both of us were successful, and it was a comfortable life.

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Rhinos are very sociable animals--

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Fast-forward four years later,

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and here we are, fearing for our lives.

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So maybe if you can--
I know, I know.

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stick it on top as well.

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I'm gonna stick here as well.

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There's no turning around now.

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So why did we quit our jobs, cash in our investments,

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even move in with our mothers?

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What caused us to give up everything?

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(mournful instrumental music)

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'Kay Bonné, when you're ready.

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This.

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This caused our life change.

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So give me a second.

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And we had to get to the bottom of why.

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(bugs buzz)
(footsteps)

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(speaking in foreign language)

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(speaking in foreign language)

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I think we are called to be warriors sometimes.

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We are here to uphold law and honor the constitution,

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but at the same time, a warrior has to take

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that step forward and be prepared

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to take a life, to protect a life.

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At the end of the day, someone has to stand between

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the rhino and the poacher, and in conservation today,

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it's us, the rangers.

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We gotta stand between the rhino and the poacher,

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otherwise all the rhino will be killed.

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It's quite simple.

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(dramatic instrumental music)

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As a boy, I had a fascination with dinosaurs.

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There's, I think, a link, they are the modern day dinosaur.

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You can sense that about them,

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they're a really old animal and something that people

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have seen for thousands of years.

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I think that's what makes them special,

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is this air of importance around them.

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A lot of these reserves, particularly iMfolozi,

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exist for rhino, and they've acted as the umbrella species

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for so many other species that have benefited

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from their conservation.

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They only get more and more important as time goes on.

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(rhinos grunt)

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iMfolozi ranger is in charge

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of the hardest hit section of the park,

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and the park is the second hardest hit area

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in the world after Kruger.

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It's full moon, and there were

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multiple incursions last night.

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Guys think it's very easy

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to catch a guy in the bush.

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These guys are foot, they're driven

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by adrenaline, which is the main thing.

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(speaking in foreign language)

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You can put the most extravagant fence here,

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people will always find a way in.

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You see can see the hand marks here.

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Poachers have already scaled the park fence

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at a known entry point.

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Under, over, through, they will get in.

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This unit is being deployed

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into where the poachers entered.

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(speaking in foreign language)

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It's eerie, knowing they are already inside,

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waiting for the moon.

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So coming up to the full moon,

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there's an increase in poaching attempts,

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and then going away from the full moon,

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it slowly decreases as illumination from the moon decreases.

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And just, you know, for people living in the city,

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when you're in the bush and it's full moon,

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just how light is it, I mean, how easy is it?

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It's as light as day.

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There's very little ambient light out here,

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so a full moon can provide you enough light

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to walk around the bush wherever you please at night.

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It sounds crazy, but in a situation

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where you may hear poachers approaching you,

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you would actually look for cover.

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Not cover in the sense of getting behind a bush,

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you would look for shade that is made by the moon

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and you would get into that shade.

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That's how light it is.

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(helicopter propellors spinning)

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The poachers use that light to their advantage

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because they can't come in when there's no moon

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and use light because this is a big black hole at night.

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Any light that we see, whether it be

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from a torch or cellphone, it stands out

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like you can't believe.

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We hate seeing that moon.

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It sounds strange, but you know it's gonna come up,

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but you sit there wishing, like just today,

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maybe it won't come up.

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It's easy not to engage

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when our lives are so full,

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but every eight hours here on earth, a rhino is killed,

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so by the time you go to sleep tonight

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and wake tomorrow morning, a rhino will be dead

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for no reason other than for the horn

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it carries on its face.

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You'll go to work, and some time after your lunch break,

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another one.

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And when you head home for dinner,

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poachers are on the tracks of a third rhino.

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Every single day, three rhinos are lost to our planet.

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Since 2011, nearly 7,000 in South Africa alone.

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(birds chirping)

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Impy, Gugu, come on guys, the gate is open.

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Can I know who did that?

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Impy, Thando.

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I can't believe these guys.

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Huh, who's the naughty one?

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Pretty sure I know already the answer anyway.

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Here comes Impy.

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Hello boy!

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Look, some horse cubes.

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Good boy.

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It's an honor to be able to donate my life for these

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little animals and little lives who are endangered.

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It's maybe very arrogant for me to use a parallel,

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but I see it like doctors.

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It was my chance to do the same.

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Yeah, it may shock people if I say as important as,

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but this little guy deserve as well to,

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to live on earth and to have a chance.

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Axel's mentor is well-known wildlife

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rehabilitator, Karen Trendler.

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Can you believe it's the same rhino?

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He wouldn't eat.

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Yes.

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Karen has re-wilded thousands of animals

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in 30 years, but it's not her successes

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that's made her so famous, it's that she is the standard

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by which wildlife rescue and return to the wild is judged.

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So strict are her standards that it took

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two years before she allowed us in

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to her guarded sanctuary high in the mountains.

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Hi, how are you?

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There're about 20 things you can look at

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on rhino without having to do any invasive procedures

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that can give you a fairly good idea

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of health status and what's going on.

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Quite interesting, if you look at the hooves,

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'round there, get stress lines on the hooves.

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Oh, so you can actually see it from the--

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The same as you get stress lines on your nails,

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she's probably got one, sort of partway down

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from when her mother was first poached,

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that initial trauma and adjustment,

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but then the rest of her hoof is really smooth.

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So you can actually track their medical history through it.

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That's amazing.

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In his case, the horn

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is not an indication of health problems.

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His, Nandi chewed his horn.

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Chewed the horn?

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Chewed the horn.

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(Bonné laughs)

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And we put vinegar on it, we tried mustard,

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we tried marmite--
Oh really?

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Nothing deterred her.

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Storm, I don't know if you're that strong yet.

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Karen, you come across as quite strong, professional.

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Do you ever get emotional?

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Oh yes.

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Impy was on his own in the wild for six days,

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at his mother's carcass.

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He'd gone to eat mud, and the night he came in,

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I suddenly looked down, and all across his back

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00:14:10.600 --> 00:14:12.200
was blood splatter.

267
00:14:12.200 --> 00:14:13.950
I mean, I've got gooseflesh just talking about it.

268
00:14:13.950 --> 00:14:16.940
It was that sudden thing of, what this little calf

269
00:14:16.940 --> 00:14:17.773
has been through, his mother was shot

270
00:14:17.773 --> 00:14:20.540
and this is the blood from her.

271
00:14:20.540 --> 00:14:22.420
He smells because he's been in her carcass,

272
00:14:22.420 --> 00:14:25.410
I mean, it was just, it brought it home so badly.

273
00:14:25.410 --> 00:14:27.690
And when I finally went to shower,

274
00:14:27.690 --> 00:14:29.590
I just stood in the shower and sobbed.

275
00:14:31.620 --> 00:14:36.620
But again, you can't, you've gotta manage your emotions

276
00:14:36.650 --> 00:14:38.000
so that you can keep going.

277
00:14:38.862 --> 00:14:42.195
(dramatic string music)

278
00:14:46.540 --> 00:14:50.225
Probably due to his trauma six months earlier,

279
00:14:50.225 --> 00:14:55.225
Impy is afraid of the dark.
(Impy cries)

280
00:14:57.190 --> 00:14:58.243
Oh it smells amazing.

281
00:15:02.430 --> 00:15:06.697
(rhinos drink)
That's a good boy.

282
00:15:07.727 --> 00:15:08.863
If you take your time, he stamps his foot.

283
00:15:08.863 --> 00:15:10.730
Have you already finished the first one?

284
00:15:10.730 --> 00:15:11.857
Yeah.
Good boy.

285
00:15:15.873 --> 00:15:19.290
(rhinos grunt and whine)

286
00:15:27.681 --> 00:15:29.598
Impy, Impy, good boy.

287
00:15:30.810 --> 00:15:34.310
Oh, he's not happy that the milk's done.

288
00:15:37.088 --> 00:15:39.130
You saw them when they came here,

289
00:15:39.130 --> 00:15:41.911
the trauma, and you see them now,

290
00:15:41.911 --> 00:15:44.431
and they're big and they're strong, they're--

291
00:15:44.431 --> 00:15:46.582
they're absolutely amazing, and they're beautiful.

292
00:15:46.582 --> 00:15:48.070
It's incredible to see them like this,

293
00:15:48.070 --> 00:15:49.910
and then, you're already starting

294
00:15:49.910 --> 00:15:52.053
to feel anxious about the next stage.

295
00:15:53.450 --> 00:15:55.290
We want them to go back to the wild,

296
00:15:55.290 --> 00:15:57.784
the ultimate aim for us is for them to breed,

297
00:15:57.784 --> 00:15:58.850
to go back to the wild and breed,

298
00:15:58.850 --> 00:16:01.220
'cause then that's a conservation function.

299
00:16:01.220 --> 00:16:03.331
But they're not safe here, completely safe here,

300
00:16:03.331 --> 00:16:04.860
and they're not gonna be safe back there.

301
00:16:04.860 --> 00:16:07.860
So realistically, we're a target.

302
00:16:07.860 --> 00:16:11.040
And it's a matter of time before something happens.

303
00:16:11.040 --> 00:16:12.184
That's very scary.

304
00:16:12.184 --> 00:16:14.184
It's incredibly scary.

305
00:16:16.480 --> 00:16:18.133
Well, they've finished now.

306
00:16:18.133 --> 00:16:19.590
And now they've moved back.

307
00:16:19.590 --> 00:16:21.196
That's actually what--
They've had their milk?

308
00:16:21.196 --> 00:16:23.202
That's actually what we want.

309
00:16:23.202 --> 00:16:28.202
(bugs chirp)
(rhinos squeak)

310
00:16:33.450 --> 00:16:35.250
It's okay girl.

311
00:16:35.250 --> 00:16:36.380
(Nandi whines)

312
00:16:36.380 --> 00:16:38.160
It's coming girl.

313
00:16:38.160 --> 00:16:40.771
In 30 seconds, it's in your tummy.

314
00:16:40.771 --> 00:16:42.000
(Nandi whines)

315
00:16:42.000 --> 00:16:44.091
Just breathe through your nose.

316
00:16:44.091 --> 00:16:45.191
It will calm you down.

317
00:16:46.070 --> 00:16:48.674
Just don't know where is the key for the lock.

318
00:16:48.674 --> 00:16:50.950
(Nandi whines)
Nandi is a little princess.

319
00:16:50.950 --> 00:16:55.660
So if something doesn't go the way she wants,

320
00:16:55.660 --> 00:16:57.882
she will let you know.
(Nandi whines loudly)

321
00:16:57.882 --> 00:17:00.132
Did you eat the key, Nandi?

322
00:17:01.265 --> 00:17:02.657
Ah.

323
00:17:02.657 --> 00:17:05.200
Obviously it was just under my nose.

324
00:17:05.200 --> 00:17:07.960
I'm so sorry, you can--
(Nandi whines loudly)

325
00:17:07.960 --> 00:17:09.810
I know, you can knock me for that.

326
00:17:09.810 --> 00:17:11.340
It's my fault.

327
00:17:11.340 --> 00:17:12.700
I didn't open my eyes.

328
00:17:12.700 --> 00:17:13.533
Nuh oh.

329
00:17:14.690 --> 00:17:16.343
Don't be nasty with me.

330
00:17:18.410 --> 00:17:19.243
Oo-la-la.

331
00:17:20.470 --> 00:17:23.628
It's fine girl.
(Nandi whines loudly)

332
00:17:23.628 --> 00:17:25.660
You are not, you are not going to die!

333
00:17:25.660 --> 00:17:26.903
It's absolutely fine.

334
00:17:30.280 --> 00:17:32.700
When you work with them, I think you can feel

335
00:17:34.230 --> 00:17:37.660
emotion and a real connection and exchange

336
00:17:37.660 --> 00:17:39.123
with them through the eyes.

337
00:17:40.370 --> 00:17:42.913
When they're happy, scared, everything,

338
00:17:43.780 --> 00:17:47.523
yeah it's like an open door to their soul.

339
00:17:58.783 --> 00:18:02.700
(speaking in foreign language)

340
00:18:06.075 --> 00:18:09.992
(speaking in foreign language)

341
00:18:15.134 --> 00:18:19.476
(speaking in foreign language)

342
00:18:19.476 --> 00:18:21.200
His Worship then request a warrant of arrest

343
00:18:21.200 --> 00:18:23.200
to be issued with immediate effect.

344
00:18:23.200 --> 00:18:25.550
Isabet is a prosecutor for the state.

345
00:18:26.713 --> 00:18:29.170
It's her job to present the state's evidence

346
00:18:29.170 --> 00:18:31.150
in court to convict poachers.

347
00:18:31.150 --> 00:18:34.120
It is the state evidence that he was involved

348
00:18:34.120 --> 00:18:37.800
in the shooting and the dehorning of the specific rhino.

349
00:18:37.800 --> 00:18:39.370
Can you dispute that or not?

350
00:18:39.370 --> 00:18:41.140
She and her colleague, Ansie,

351
00:18:41.140 --> 00:18:43.830
have become loathed by the poaching gangs

352
00:18:43.830 --> 00:18:45.170
working the Kruger area.

353
00:18:45.170 --> 00:18:47.340
So guys, what's now the agreement?

354
00:18:47.340 --> 00:18:50.682
I have to get started, it is 20 to one.

355
00:18:50.682 --> 00:18:54.599
(speaking in foreign language)

356
00:19:00.269 --> 00:19:04.186
(speaking in foreign language)

357
00:19:07.730 --> 00:19:09.990
Your Worship, the case against number one and two

358
00:19:09.990 --> 00:19:12.920
has been remanded and pulled today.

359
00:19:12.920 --> 00:19:14.980
The two women drive long distances

360
00:19:14.980 --> 00:19:17.903
between six courts surrounding the National Park.

361
00:19:18.750 --> 00:19:21.710
Many times, the courts are packed.

362
00:19:21.710 --> 00:19:25.627
(speaking in foreign language)

363
00:19:32.060 --> 00:19:35.977
(speaking in foreign language)

364
00:19:39.136 --> 00:19:40.520
An uncomfortable truth

365
00:19:40.520 --> 00:19:42.840
is that many South Africans were kept out

366
00:19:42.840 --> 00:19:45.160
of national parks during apartheid,

367
00:19:45.160 --> 00:19:47.040
and it has come home to roost.

368
00:19:47.040 --> 00:19:48.560
The policy of apartheid

369
00:19:48.560 --> 00:19:50.970
has been elevated by the government of South Africa.

370
00:19:50.970 --> 00:19:51.930
While white South Africans

371
00:19:51.930 --> 00:19:54.680
grew up going to the Kruger or iMfolozi

372
00:19:54.680 --> 00:19:57.210
as a pilgrimage back to nature,

373
00:19:57.210 --> 00:20:00.440
black South Africans, like K9 Ranger,

374
00:20:00.440 --> 00:20:04.693
lived outside the parks, but never saw the animals inside.

375
00:20:06.080 --> 00:20:07.500
It's been the quarter of a century

376
00:20:07.500 --> 00:20:09.666
since the end of apartheid, and still,

377
00:20:09.666 --> 00:20:12.360
millions who live alongside national parks

378
00:20:12.360 --> 00:20:16.530
watch wealthy tourists visit while they remain outside,

379
00:20:16.530 --> 00:20:18.513
disconnected from their heritage.

380
00:20:20.340 --> 00:20:22.110
Someone who faced challenges like this

381
00:20:22.110 --> 00:20:23.583
was Doctor Jane Goodall.

382
00:20:24.750 --> 00:20:26.430
She lived her conservation work

383
00:20:26.430 --> 00:20:28.770
at her beloved Gombe National Park

384
00:20:28.770 --> 00:20:31.800
to focus on connecting humanity to wildlife.

385
00:20:31.800 --> 00:20:34.981
We have communities surrounding our national parks.

386
00:20:34.981 --> 00:20:35.814
Yes, yes.

387
00:20:35.814 --> 00:20:37.170
Like the Kruger National Park.

388
00:20:37.170 --> 00:20:40.470
And I almost want to say they are allowing

389
00:20:40.470 --> 00:20:41.580
poaching to take place,

390
00:20:41.580 --> 00:20:43.830
so how do we change that, how do we tackle that?

391
00:20:43.830 --> 00:20:47.700
Because they have to be provided with an alternative.

392
00:20:47.700 --> 00:20:51.860
You have to prove to them that keeping the animals alive

393
00:20:51.860 --> 00:20:55.702
has more value for them than killing them.

394
00:20:55.702 --> 00:20:58.120
(speaking in foreign language)

395
00:20:58.120 --> 00:21:01.328
Many programs address this inequality,

396
00:21:01.328 --> 00:21:03.907
but communities are poor,

397
00:21:03.907 --> 00:21:07.893
and so this delivery of basic municipal needs are not met.

398
00:21:10.120 --> 00:21:12.850
Rhino horn trafficking is run by highly organized

399
00:21:12.850 --> 00:21:14.998
criminal syndicates operating in countries

400
00:21:14.998 --> 00:21:17.450
all over Africa and Asia.

401
00:21:17.450 --> 00:21:20.960
INTERPOL, the FBI, and South Africa State Security Agency

402
00:21:20.960 --> 00:21:24.090
call this transnational organized crime.

403
00:21:24.090 --> 00:21:27.730
In order to succeed, the organized criminal syndicates

404
00:21:27.730 --> 00:21:30.860
need these men, and plenty of them.

405
00:21:30.860 --> 00:21:32.580
There is no shortage.

406
00:21:32.580 --> 00:21:35.129
The area surrounding Kruger and iMfolozi

407
00:21:35.129 --> 00:21:37.260
are desperately poor.

408
00:21:37.260 --> 00:21:41.362
Boss men organize jobless men into poaching gangs of three,

409
00:21:41.362 --> 00:21:45.953
a shooter, an ax man, and a runner.

410
00:21:45.953 --> 00:21:49.870
(speaking in foreign language)

411
00:21:53.418 --> 00:21:57.335
(speaking in foreign language)

412
00:22:01.111 --> 00:22:05.028
(speaking in foreign language)

413
00:22:09.730 --> 00:22:13.647
(speaking in foreign language)

414
00:22:19.030 --> 00:22:20.320
People aren't hunting rhino

415
00:22:20.320 --> 00:22:22.290
because it's a nice thing to do.

416
00:22:22.290 --> 00:22:24.670
They're getting paid huge sums of money.

417
00:22:24.670 --> 00:22:26.780
So you've taken rural people

418
00:22:26.780 --> 00:22:29.150
that were literally living off the felt,

419
00:22:29.150 --> 00:22:33.520
had a way of life that was traditional, respectful,

420
00:22:33.520 --> 00:22:36.920
have been recruited and criminalized by syndicates,

421
00:22:36.920 --> 00:22:40.610
and actually their values and ethics have changed.

422
00:22:40.610 --> 00:22:42.590
They're not actually doing it now to survive,

423
00:22:42.590 --> 00:22:44.630
they're doing it for greed.

424
00:22:44.630 --> 00:22:46.140
Here at Skukuza Court

425
00:22:46.140 --> 00:22:48.250
inside the Kruger National Park,

426
00:22:48.250 --> 00:22:50.990
those that have been arrested for poaching,

427
00:22:50.990 --> 00:22:53.767
several from K9 Ranger's community,

428
00:22:53.767 --> 00:22:55.220
are pleading for bail.

429
00:22:55.220 --> 00:22:56.840
During the arrest of the accused,

430
00:22:56.840 --> 00:23:01.390
there was a contact between the accused and the rangers.

431
00:23:01.390 --> 00:23:03.620
And during this contact, the accused's lower jaw

432
00:23:03.620 --> 00:23:07.380
was actually literally removed from his face.

433
00:23:07.380 --> 00:23:09.690
It's a dangerous profession.

434
00:23:09.690 --> 00:23:10.523
The court will note that

435
00:23:10.523 --> 00:23:12.330
accused number two is not present.

436
00:23:12.330 --> 00:23:15.010
He was on bail, unfortunately, he was shot and killed

437
00:23:15.010 --> 00:23:16.593
in Kruger after he was released on bail.

438
00:23:16.593 --> 00:23:19.540
He's no longer attending this matter.

439
00:23:19.540 --> 00:23:22.410
We filmed in many courts around the country.

440
00:23:22.410 --> 00:23:25.470
From bail hearings of poachers and syndicate leaders,

441
00:23:25.470 --> 00:23:29.220
to trials where evidence from the state was so concrete,

442
00:23:29.220 --> 00:23:31.840
that it was bewildering to understand

443
00:23:31.840 --> 00:23:34.793
why the cases were delayed all the time.

444
00:23:34.793 --> 00:23:35.626
And that matter has been postponed,

445
00:23:35.626 --> 00:23:38.140
I don't know how many times we have to get to--

446
00:23:38.140 --> 00:23:39.477
We will get to that, I promise you.

447
00:23:39.477 --> 00:23:41.630
'Cause they can go on from three to five years,

448
00:23:41.630 --> 00:23:43.430
I mean, that's ridiculous, really.

449
00:23:43.430 --> 00:23:45.800
The clue was in the defense strategies

450
00:23:45.800 --> 00:23:47.270
of those on trial.

451
00:23:47.270 --> 00:23:49.170
No, I'm not going to postpone the--

452
00:23:49.170 --> 00:23:51.610
So fair is South Africa's constitution

453
00:23:51.610 --> 00:23:55.490
to any alleged accused, stemming from our unjust past,

454
00:23:55.490 --> 00:23:59.121
that defense teams will delay on legal technicalities.

455
00:23:59.121 --> 00:24:03.038
(speaking in foreign language)

456
00:24:05.990 --> 00:24:07.850
Your Worship, accused number two

457
00:24:07.850 --> 00:24:11.433
was released on bail and he has absconded.

458
00:24:13.010 --> 00:24:16.070
The biggest slap in the face is to get onto tracks,

459
00:24:16.070 --> 00:24:18.640
and they'll say, we know these tracks.

460
00:24:18.640 --> 00:24:20.320
And then you trace it back and you realize,

461
00:24:20.320 --> 00:24:21.750
these guys, we actually arrested,

462
00:24:21.750 --> 00:24:24.410
with an ax, with horns, with a firearm,

463
00:24:24.410 --> 00:24:26.410
overalls covered in blood.

464
00:24:26.410 --> 00:24:28.370
Four, five years later, you're tracking them again.

465
00:24:28.370 --> 00:24:30.810
When we come across the Kakas and the poor baby

466
00:24:30.810 --> 00:24:34.590
running around, I mean, it doesn't have a profile for us,

467
00:24:34.590 --> 00:24:37.260
because in both situations, I think that

468
00:24:37.260 --> 00:24:40.218
it's a complete waste, and you get very angry

469
00:24:40.218 --> 00:24:42.210
to think that you have lost an animal,

470
00:24:42.210 --> 00:24:46.490
and now you've caught a baby that is fully dependent on you,

471
00:24:46.490 --> 00:24:48.640
and also, there are chances that

472
00:24:48.640 --> 00:24:50.790
it might not even survive survive as well.

473
00:24:52.518 --> 00:24:55.018
(birds chirp)

474
00:24:55.890 --> 00:24:57.750
This little one is lucky.

475
00:24:57.750 --> 00:24:59.630
His mother survived her poaching

476
00:24:59.630 --> 00:25:01.393
by a notorious darting gang.

477
00:25:02.710 --> 00:25:05.780
In fact, she was evidence, so we couldn't reveal

478
00:25:05.780 --> 00:25:07.463
this footage until now.

479
00:25:09.977 --> 00:25:11.780
The gang have been linked to over

480
00:25:11.780 --> 00:25:13.973
a 100 poachings around the country.

481
00:25:14.990 --> 00:25:18.090
Using veterinary drugs from a silent dart gun,

482
00:25:18.090 --> 00:25:20.650
their m.o. doesn't alert the rangers,

483
00:25:20.650 --> 00:25:23.010
and while a chainsaw gives things speed,

484
00:25:23.010 --> 00:25:27.133
the rhinos they poach bleed to death in a zombie-like state.

485
00:25:30.008 --> 00:25:33.925
(speaking in foreign language)

486
00:25:37.591 --> 00:25:40.174
(drill buzzes)

487
00:25:43.400 --> 00:25:46.526
Once the drilling starts, however, things change.

488
00:25:46.526 --> 00:25:49.026
(calf whines)

489
00:25:50.721 --> 00:25:53.757
A reminder perhaps of the night before.

490
00:25:58.330 --> 00:26:02.400
The state-owned rhinos are wild and must be kept that way.

491
00:26:07.121 --> 00:26:08.420
It's okay, little one.

492
00:26:08.420 --> 00:26:11.830
So as much as we wanted to interact with the little calf,

493
00:26:11.830 --> 00:26:14.198
we couldn't, for his sake.

494
00:26:14.198 --> 00:26:16.698
(calf whines)

495
00:26:29.753 --> 00:26:31.830
Ten years ago, this crying calf,

496
00:26:31.830 --> 00:26:35.037
angry at the vet, would have been a light moment,

497
00:26:35.037 --> 00:26:38.430
but the collective stress these beings are suffering

498
00:26:38.430 --> 00:26:41.003
is palpable.
(calf whines)

499
00:26:50.681 --> 00:26:52.870
Separation from an unresponsive mother

500
00:26:52.870 --> 00:26:55.963
is a deep anxiety that any of us can feel.

501
00:27:02.860 --> 00:27:04.483
Quite often, the young rhinos,

502
00:27:04.483 --> 00:27:08.602
they do not leave their mother's body once been shot.

503
00:27:08.602 --> 00:27:11.283
You feel like you see how strong that bond is.

504
00:27:12.560 --> 00:27:15.410
After all it's been through, the only place it wants to be

505
00:27:15.410 --> 00:27:17.640
is as close as it can be to its mother,

506
00:27:17.640 --> 00:27:21.210
and even though she's long cold and rigor mortis has set in

507
00:27:21.210 --> 00:27:25.680
and she's of no use to the calf, that calf won't leave,

508
00:27:25.680 --> 00:27:27.485
it'll stay right next to her.

509
00:27:27.485 --> 00:27:30.536
(mournful instrumental music)
(calf cries)

510
00:27:30.536 --> 00:27:33.497
They get thirsty, they get hungry, they get cold.

511
00:27:34.350 --> 00:27:36.360
As she's decaying, there's foods

512
00:27:36.360 --> 00:27:38.090
that will run into the soil.

513
00:27:38.090 --> 00:27:40.873
They'll end up drinking that to try and stay alive.

514
00:27:42.040 --> 00:27:45.250
If they're lucky, they get killed by lions or hyenas,

515
00:27:45.250 --> 00:27:46.100
if they're lucky.

516
00:27:48.828 --> 00:27:50.140
It's a bleak situation,

517
00:27:50.140 --> 00:27:52.040
and we were losing hope with it all,

518
00:27:52.040 --> 00:27:54.053
until a call came in for Karen.

519
00:27:55.068 --> 00:27:55.983
So small.

520
00:27:57.252 --> 00:27:58.480
You know what, we can do it.

521
00:27:58.480 --> 00:27:59.313
We will.

522
00:27:59.313 --> 00:28:00.700
I wasn't gonna leave this one to die.

523
00:28:00.700 --> 00:28:01.533
So tiny.

524
00:28:03.762 --> 00:28:06.180
Oh, how old is he?

525
00:28:06.180 --> 00:28:07.013
Two days old.

526
00:28:07.854 --> 00:28:09.467
Where is he?

527
00:28:09.467 --> 00:28:11.842
In the heart Zulu nation.

528
00:28:11.842 --> 00:28:13.270
The rhino's a king symbol.

529
00:28:13.270 --> 00:28:15.317
Yeah, the rhino's a king symbol.

530
00:28:15.317 --> 00:28:17.380
And this little obhejane,

531
00:28:17.380 --> 00:28:21.200
Zulu for rhinoceros, has caught royal attention.

532
00:28:21.200 --> 00:28:24.930
We've learned to expect the unexpected,

533
00:28:24.930 --> 00:28:26.670
but standing here amongst us

534
00:28:26.670 --> 00:28:29.400
is the Queen of the Zulu Nation.

535
00:28:29.400 --> 00:28:30.890
God.

536
00:28:30.890 --> 00:28:32.514
But he's doing well.

537
00:28:32.514 --> 00:28:34.270
Very good.

538
00:28:34.270 --> 00:28:36.927
I wish you all the best to do the best--

539
00:28:36.927 --> 00:28:39.420
Not only married to the King of the Zulus,

540
00:28:39.420 --> 00:28:43.208
Queen Mantfombi is also a Princess of Swaziland.

541
00:28:43.208 --> 00:28:47.125
(speaking in foreign language)

542
00:28:48.412 --> 00:28:51.079
Like this (laughs)!

543
00:28:51.079 --> 00:28:52.477
Her Royal Highness would like

544
00:28:52.477 --> 00:28:56.447
to bless the calf coming to life on the backseat.

545
00:28:56.447 --> 00:28:59.864
(beautiful string music)

546
00:29:01.923 --> 00:29:03.600
Makhosi is her name,

547
00:29:03.600 --> 00:29:06.950
given by Princess Mantfombi of Swaziland,

548
00:29:06.950 --> 00:29:10.460
Queen to King Goodwill Zwelithini of the Zulu Nation.

549
00:29:10.460 --> 00:29:13.740
She felt this was an awesome synergy

550
00:29:13.740 --> 00:29:16.500
between all cultures of this world.

551
00:29:16.500 --> 00:29:21.180
Hence, she blesses the glory of Mahkosi, the rhino.

552
00:29:21.180 --> 00:29:22.830
Makhosi is her name.

553
00:29:22.830 --> 00:29:24.604
Thank you.
Wow.

554
00:29:24.604 --> 00:29:26.854
It's beautiful.
Makhosi.

555
00:29:28.278 --> 00:29:31.695
(beautiful string music)

556
00:29:33.964 --> 00:29:35.665
Little Makhosi.

557
00:29:35.665 --> 00:29:36.741
(Makhosi squeaks)

558
00:29:36.741 --> 00:29:37.980
Hello.
She has the big ears.

559
00:29:37.980 --> 00:29:39.460
We're bringing you electrolytes,

560
00:29:39.460 --> 00:29:42.380
we've got, we're going to give you some.

561
00:29:42.380 --> 00:29:46.301
She's got long legs, she's incredible.

562
00:29:46.301 --> 00:29:48.601
(Makhosi pants)
You're going to make it, yes.

563
00:29:50.588 --> 00:29:52.700
You'll feel better in a few days.

564
00:29:52.700 --> 00:29:54.650
I'm so sorry you're going through this.

565
00:29:59.230 --> 00:30:00.770
In trying to replace the mum

566
00:30:00.770 --> 00:30:03.340
and in doing appropriate surrogate mothering,

567
00:30:03.340 --> 00:30:04.883
there's that delicate balance.

568
00:30:06.688 --> 00:30:09.200
That's it, you are cleverest baby.

569
00:30:09.200 --> 00:30:11.160
For people, it really looks cute and cuddly

570
00:30:11.160 --> 00:30:13.560
for us to be hand-feeding rhino with bottles.

571
00:30:13.560 --> 00:30:15.560
That suckling is critical to the rhino.

572
00:30:15.560 --> 00:30:19.203
That's good helping, that's it, that's it.

573
00:30:19.203 --> 00:30:21.370
Enjoying it now.

574
00:30:22.230 --> 00:30:23.660
If you don't give that calf

575
00:30:23.660 --> 00:30:26.010
what the rhino mother does, you actually have a calf

576
00:30:26.010 --> 00:30:28.010
that doesn't thrive and doesn't survive.

577
00:30:29.390 --> 00:30:30.700
Unfortunately when they're this weak,

578
00:30:30.700 --> 00:30:32.470
you can't do tranquilizers or anything.

579
00:30:32.470 --> 00:30:34.120
I mean, she's already had a lot in the car,

580
00:30:34.120 --> 00:30:35.490
and you can't do any more.

581
00:30:35.490 --> 00:30:37.213
That kills the appetite, she's gotta go through it,

582
00:30:37.213 --> 00:30:39.093
it's the hardest, hardest part.

583
00:30:42.050 --> 00:30:44.800
(Makhosi pants)

584
00:30:44.800 --> 00:30:46.447
So that's, that sound?

585
00:30:46.447 --> 00:30:48.061
It's calling for mum.

586
00:30:48.061 --> 00:30:49.020
Okay.

587
00:30:49.020 --> 00:30:50.800
She's exhausted, but she's too scared

588
00:30:50.800 --> 00:30:52.810
just to give in to sleep, and she keeps waking up,

589
00:30:52.810 --> 00:30:54.422
calling for her mum.

590
00:30:54.422 --> 00:30:55.305
(Makhosi panics)

591
00:30:55.305 --> 00:30:57.001
It's alright, it's okay, it's alright,

592
00:30:57.001 --> 00:30:59.813
it's alright, it's okay, it's alright, it's okay.

593
00:31:00.880 --> 00:31:03.580
First rescue, the saving of Makhosi's life

594
00:31:03.580 --> 00:31:07.027
was pushing us to search for answers elsewhere.

595
00:31:07.027 --> 00:31:08.320
(intriguing music)

596
00:31:08.320 --> 00:31:10.060
Journalists, filmmakers like us,

597
00:31:10.060 --> 00:31:12.560
turn to research, or we interview specialists

598
00:31:12.560 --> 00:31:14.660
to better understand our subject

599
00:31:14.660 --> 00:31:16.633
because we don't start off knowing all the facts,

600
00:31:16.633 --> 00:31:18.320
and the deeper one gets,

601
00:31:18.320 --> 00:31:20.300
the more complicated the data becomes.

602
00:31:20.300 --> 00:31:21.493
It can be overwhelming.

603
00:31:23.768 --> 00:31:25.747
But many of the facts contradicted each other

604
00:31:25.747 --> 00:31:28.660
or were loaded, had emotional meaning behind them

605
00:31:28.660 --> 00:31:30.520
to push a cause and outcome that

606
00:31:30.520 --> 00:31:33.030
might be detrimental to the species,

607
00:31:33.030 --> 00:31:34.820
so we couldn't trust the data.

608
00:31:34.820 --> 00:31:37.723
We had to go to Asia to find out for ourselves.

609
00:31:39.970 --> 00:31:41.801
Fossil records and cave paintings

610
00:31:41.801 --> 00:31:43.511
tell us that rhinos used to roam

611
00:31:43.511 --> 00:31:45.726
pretty much all over the planet.

612
00:31:45.726 --> 00:31:49.660
Now they're found in only two places, Africa and Asia,

613
00:31:49.660 --> 00:31:53.033
and all that's left are scattered populations.

614
00:31:54.060 --> 00:31:57.070
Rhinos numbered a million just a century ago,

615
00:31:57.070 --> 00:31:59.740
but now only three percent remain.

616
00:31:59.740 --> 00:32:02.760
Three percent, and of that three percent,

617
00:32:02.760 --> 00:32:04.590
South Africa holds two thirds

618
00:32:04.590 --> 00:32:07.440
of all the world's remaining rhinos,

619
00:32:07.440 --> 00:32:10.670
so we knew that any rhino horn we found in the cities

620
00:32:10.670 --> 00:32:12.793
down below would be from home.

621
00:32:15.530 --> 00:32:18.640
In 2015, we applied to the Chinese and Vietnamese

622
00:32:18.640 --> 00:32:20.230
governments for filming permits,

623
00:32:20.230 --> 00:32:22.140
but we're still waiting for them.

624
00:32:22.140 --> 00:32:23.710
And for good reason.

625
00:32:23.710 --> 00:32:25.640
Both are on Reporters Sans Frontières

626
00:32:25.640 --> 00:32:27.830
freedom of the press blacklist.

627
00:32:27.830 --> 00:32:30.650
It was clear we had to go in under-cover,

628
00:32:30.650 --> 00:32:33.947
especially as environmental journalists were being jailed.

629
00:32:33.947 --> 00:32:38.320
But if we were found, the consequences would be severe.

630
00:32:38.320 --> 00:32:41.410
So we slipped into Laos as tourists.

631
00:32:46.959 --> 00:32:49.710
Within hours of landing in South East Asia,

632
00:32:49.710 --> 00:32:50.937
we had proof of demand.

633
00:32:53.050 --> 00:32:55.996
The hacked-out base of horns was an obvious fake.

634
00:32:55.996 --> 00:32:57.407
Rhino horn special.

635
00:32:57.407 --> 00:32:59.103
But it showed the product sold.

636
00:32:59.103 --> 00:33:00.353
$50, okay?

637
00:33:01.790 --> 00:33:02.860
I discount for you.

638
00:33:04.230 --> 00:33:05.610
We found what we came for

639
00:33:05.610 --> 00:33:07.520
when we saw rhino horn.

640
00:33:07.520 --> 00:33:08.690
People buy it, yeah.

641
00:33:08.690 --> 00:33:11.950
But in Laos, not for medical, only keep in house for lucky.

642
00:33:11.950 --> 00:33:13.140
Oh, for good luck.

643
00:33:13.140 --> 00:33:15.390
This he said was from the nearly extinct

644
00:33:15.390 --> 00:33:18.928
Asian one-horned rhino that he called rhino cero.

645
00:33:18.928 --> 00:33:21.650
Rhino cero, very expensive.

646
00:33:21.650 --> 00:33:23.180
You don't have African horn?

647
00:33:23.180 --> 00:33:24.080
No, no.

648
00:33:24.080 --> 00:33:26.543
In Vietnam or in China.

649
00:33:27.590 --> 00:33:30.300
The center of an illegal trade in horns

650
00:33:30.300 --> 00:33:32.630
is of all places, Vietnam.

651
00:33:32.630 --> 00:33:33.720
Shop after shop,

652
00:33:33.720 --> 00:33:36.703
selling rhino horn in Vietnam's capital.

653
00:33:38.251 --> 00:33:39.516
And this?

654
00:33:39.516 --> 00:33:41.918
(distorted) Artichoke tea.

655
00:33:41.918 --> 00:33:44.150
My wife has a bag of this at home.

656
00:33:44.150 --> 00:33:45.870
Our translator is an activist,

657
00:33:45.870 --> 00:33:48.500
so we cannot show his face.

658
00:33:48.500 --> 00:33:51.810
While we are under-cover, he acts as our tour guide,

659
00:33:51.810 --> 00:33:55.230
and when we have interviews, our government minder.

660
00:33:55.230 --> 00:33:57.650
We have put him in great danger.

661
00:33:57.650 --> 00:33:59.000
We are losing

662
00:33:59.000 --> 00:34:02.040
a lot of rare and valuable animals.

663
00:34:02.040 --> 00:34:05.290
So we lost the rhino in 2011.

664
00:34:05.290 --> 00:34:07.550
I think Vietnamese people are not living

665
00:34:07.550 --> 00:34:10.370
very harmoniously with their environment.

666
00:34:10.370 --> 00:34:14.287
(speaking in foreign language)

667
00:34:18.273 --> 00:34:19.937
And it's quite rough inside.

668
00:34:19.937 --> 00:34:23.854
(speaking in foreign language)

669
00:34:27.782 --> 00:34:31.699
(speaking in foreign language)

670
00:34:35.597 --> 00:34:38.140
Despite a plethora of bowls,

671
00:34:38.140 --> 00:34:40.850
the main ingredient is missing.

672
00:34:40.850 --> 00:34:42.970
The person who knows where it's gone,

673
00:34:42.970 --> 00:34:45.639
Swiss investigative journalist, Karl Ammann.

674
00:34:45.639 --> 00:34:46.770
(speaking in foreign language)

675
00:34:46.770 --> 00:34:48.030
Oh yeah?

676
00:34:48.030 --> 00:34:50.890
Back in 2009, Karl filed a report

677
00:34:50.890 --> 00:34:54.610
on rhino horn usage here on Medicine Street.

678
00:34:54.610 --> 00:34:56.980
All of them ground it down,

679
00:34:56.980 --> 00:34:59.670
did all the usual thing with the plate.

680
00:34:59.670 --> 00:35:03.710
Obviously it was impossible to tell what was real or not.

681
00:35:03.710 --> 00:35:07.080
When one of the dealers actually chopped me off a piece

682
00:35:07.080 --> 00:35:09.590
with a big panga-type of machete,

683
00:35:09.590 --> 00:35:10.970
the thing flew into the street.

684
00:35:10.970 --> 00:35:13.360
I realized there's something very wrong with this,

685
00:35:13.360 --> 00:35:15.980
because nobody would deal with such

686
00:35:15.980 --> 00:35:18.530
a precious commodity in this form.

687
00:35:18.530 --> 00:35:21.700
So that's when I decided, maybe there's something more to it

688
00:35:21.700 --> 00:35:24.820
because a lot of this cannot be real,

689
00:35:24.820 --> 00:35:28.130
and then the first results came back from DNA.

690
00:35:28.130 --> 00:35:31.580
And it all showed that 90% was fake.

691
00:35:31.580 --> 00:35:34.230
So that's the question, where does the real stuff go?

692
00:35:35.575 --> 00:35:38.524
(intense instrumental music)

693
00:35:38.524 --> 00:35:39.522
(distorted) Once you get there,

694
00:35:39.522 --> 00:35:40.657
villages are right next to each other.

695
00:35:40.657 --> 00:35:42.740
You'll go to the other village,

696
00:35:42.740 --> 00:35:45.092
and when we finish, we'll phone,

697
00:35:45.092 --> 00:35:46.927
and we'll swap villages around.

698
00:35:46.927 --> 00:35:48.350
Karl and his coproducer

699
00:35:48.350 --> 00:35:50.620
are on their next under-cover operation.

700
00:35:50.620 --> 00:35:52.950
They're investigating a group of villages

701
00:35:52.950 --> 00:35:55.353
popular with Chinese tourists.

702
00:35:55.353 --> 00:35:57.276
Is this you guys coming off here?

703
00:35:57.276 --> 00:36:01.093
(distorted) No.
It's us?

704
00:36:01.093 --> 00:36:02.479
Shit I'm a little nervous.

705
00:36:02.479 --> 00:36:04.670
Yeah, me too.

706
00:36:04.670 --> 00:36:08.050
Karl and his team have driven on to the neighboring village.

707
00:36:08.050 --> 00:36:11.450
He's been arrested before, but this is our first time

708
00:36:11.450 --> 00:36:13.138
doing anything like this.

709
00:36:13.138 --> 00:36:16.526
(singing in foreign language)

710
00:36:16.526 --> 00:36:18.727
The natural product souvenirs,

711
00:36:18.727 --> 00:36:21.600
wine cups and karma bracelets.

712
00:36:21.600 --> 00:36:26.129
Chinese signs are a clear indication of who visits here.

713
00:36:26.129 --> 00:36:28.284
(intense music)

714
00:36:28.284 --> 00:36:30.313
As Westerners, we stand out.

715
00:36:31.910 --> 00:36:34.770
Wearing natural product does the trick though,

716
00:36:34.770 --> 00:36:37.395
and we're literally covered in hidden cameras.

717
00:36:37.395 --> 00:36:39.510
(footage rewinds)

718
00:36:39.510 --> 00:36:42.060
Susan has even tapped her GoPro to my body,

719
00:36:42.060 --> 00:36:44.600
so I can't ditch it if we're in trouble.

720
00:36:44.600 --> 00:36:48.110
The risk, worth taking, as the button and key cameras

721
00:36:48.110 --> 00:36:51.588
can be jammed by the dealers who use cellphone blockers.

722
00:36:51.588 --> 00:36:55.505
(speaking in foreign language)

723
00:36:59.775 --> 00:37:03.692
(speaking in foreign language)

724
00:37:08.278 --> 00:37:12.195
(speaking in foreign language)

725
00:37:14.530 --> 00:37:19.380
Ivory trinkets, as well as raw ivory, illegal, but for sale.

726
00:37:21.003 --> 00:37:24.920
(speaking in foreign language)

727
00:37:29.220 --> 00:37:33.137
(speaking in foreign language)

728
00:37:37.624 --> 00:37:41.541
(speaking in foreign language)

729
00:37:42.460 --> 00:37:44.041
It's too small.

730
00:37:44.041 --> 00:37:47.958
(speaking in foreign language)

731
00:37:52.185 --> 00:37:56.102
(speaking in foreign language)

732
00:38:00.290 --> 00:38:02.940
We were being watched and were taken

733
00:38:02.940 --> 00:38:05.260
into one of the back rooms where the table

734
00:38:05.260 --> 00:38:08.623
was covered in freshly worked ivory and buffalo horn.

735
00:38:11.239 --> 00:38:13.561
The dealers were trading right in front of us.

736
00:38:13.561 --> 00:38:17.478
(speaking in foreign language)

737
00:38:18.317 --> 00:38:20.644
And clearly very pleased with their product.

738
00:38:20.644 --> 00:38:22.337
Beautiful, wow!

739
00:38:22.337 --> 00:38:24.139
So what is this now?

740
00:38:24.139 --> 00:38:26.200
Is this still the buffalo?

741
00:38:26.200 --> 00:38:28.073
This is rhino, beautiful huh?

742
00:38:28.073 --> 00:38:29.290
And you can drink anything out of--

743
00:38:29.290 --> 00:38:30.970
Anything, no chemical.

744
00:38:30.970 --> 00:38:33.050
Better than any kind of material.

745
00:38:33.050 --> 00:38:34.280
That's why Chinese like.

746
00:38:35.430 --> 00:38:36.416
Wanna see workshop?

747
00:38:36.416 --> 00:38:38.298
Show you more, and show you how to make.

748
00:38:38.298 --> 00:38:39.428
What do you think?

749
00:38:39.428 --> 00:38:40.790
Okay.
Okay.

750
00:38:40.790 --> 00:38:45.790
(muffled voices)
(suspenseful music)

751
00:38:54.130 --> 00:38:56.230
We had given no thought to this.

752
00:38:59.948 --> 00:39:01.781
Completely vulnerable.

753
00:39:03.420 --> 00:39:05.650
Even our translator wouldn't be able to help

754
00:39:05.650 --> 00:39:08.001
if they searched and found cameras on us.

755
00:39:08.001 --> 00:39:09.596
(saw buzzing)

756
00:39:09.596 --> 00:39:11.673
Wow!
Wow, wow.

757
00:39:11.673 --> 00:39:15.840
Elephant ivory, worked 'round the clock.

758
00:39:17.275 --> 00:39:20.418
The tusk still has Africa's soil on it.

759
00:39:20.418 --> 00:39:25.418
(electric tool buzzing, wooden tool clanging)

760
00:39:27.647 --> 00:39:30.064
At the shop, a master carver.

761
00:39:31.491 --> 00:39:34.103
(speaking in foreign language)

762
00:39:34.103 --> 00:39:37.860
Thick ivory dust everywhere and cooled shavings

763
00:39:37.860 --> 00:39:40.748
give away the other illegal product he works on.

764
00:39:40.748 --> 00:39:44.665
(speaking in foreign language)

765
00:39:48.754 --> 00:39:52.671
(speaking in foreign language)

766
00:39:55.727 --> 00:39:58.732
So valuable is rhino horn to these traffickers

767
00:39:58.732 --> 00:40:02.057
that scraps from the floor are collected and sold.

768
00:40:02.057 --> 00:40:03.749
Curious, what is that in that bag?

769
00:40:03.749 --> 00:40:07.666
(speaking in foreign language)

770
00:40:08.967 --> 00:40:10.267
Oh look.

771
00:40:10.267 --> 00:40:12.720
In the Asian cup workshop,

772
00:40:12.720 --> 00:40:15.987
today, it's full of buffalo horn orders.

773
00:40:21.656 --> 00:40:22.489
Horn.

774
00:40:23.343 --> 00:40:26.438
The carvers and machine operators in these villages

775
00:40:26.438 --> 00:40:31.130
pride themselves on their ingenuity, that in their eyes,

776
00:40:31.130 --> 00:40:34.825
they can turn a throwaway thing into a thing of beauty.

777
00:40:34.825 --> 00:40:38.665
(speaking in foreign language)

778
00:40:38.665 --> 00:40:40.282
The cup is actually here.

779
00:40:40.282 --> 00:40:43.115
Oh, this part.
Yeah, this part.

780
00:40:45.860 --> 00:40:48.363
Standing in the backrooms of this dingy alleyways,

781
00:40:48.363 --> 00:40:50.780
knowing that all the fighting,

782
00:40:50.780 --> 00:40:53.150
suffering, the huge effort back home,

783
00:40:53.150 --> 00:40:56.630
ends with such a beautiful, iconic creature

784
00:40:56.630 --> 00:41:01.630
simply reduced to a production line of tiny, useless things.

785
00:41:01.741 --> 00:41:06.741
(shouting in foreign language)
(rhinos crying)

786
00:41:08.160 --> 00:41:10.360
Devoid of any reverence for the being

787
00:41:10.360 --> 00:41:13.973
that once carried these cups and bangles on its face.

788
00:41:15.670 --> 00:41:17.860
It somehow didn't seem real that

789
00:41:17.860 --> 00:41:20.413
this was where the struggle ended.

790
00:41:23.320 --> 00:41:26.343
So Karl, how many rhinos do you think you have here?

791
00:41:27.250 --> 00:41:29.110
Look, I hope it's quite a number

792
00:41:29.110 --> 00:41:32.730
because that will help us determine in DNA terms

793
00:41:32.730 --> 00:41:36.780
how many rhino horns are processed in this village.

794
00:41:36.780 --> 00:41:39.940
The fact is, there should be in INTERPOL guy sitting here,

795
00:41:39.940 --> 00:41:44.250
doing this, carrying it in his diplomatic pouch.

796
00:41:44.250 --> 00:41:46.170
But I guess that's not on the cards

797
00:41:46.170 --> 00:41:48.763
to do this kind of investigative work.

798
00:41:49.979 --> 00:41:52.812
(traffic bustles)

799
00:41:56.980 --> 00:42:00.300
We had changed hotels twice to avoid detection.

800
00:42:00.300 --> 00:42:03.030
Maybe overkill, but we were scared,

801
00:42:03.030 --> 00:42:04.780
especially with what we had filmed.

802
00:42:07.160 --> 00:42:09.179
But nothing scared us more in Hanoi

803
00:42:09.179 --> 00:42:13.272
than the pollution.

804
00:42:13.272 --> 00:42:17.189
(speaking in foreign language)

805
00:42:20.601 --> 00:42:22.447
The pollution clung to our skin

806
00:42:22.447 --> 00:42:24.353
and filtered into our clothing,

807
00:42:25.909 --> 00:42:28.310
and hit all over the city.

808
00:42:28.310 --> 00:42:32.023
Citizens devotedly take part in wellness exercises.

809
00:42:35.380 --> 00:42:37.566
Vietnam had been portrayed for both of us

810
00:42:37.566 --> 00:42:40.663
by war films set deep in the jungle.

811
00:42:42.170 --> 00:42:46.070
So to experience this oxygen-less environment was startling.

812
00:42:49.163 --> 00:42:52.760
After the war, Vietnam was the fifth poorest nation

813
00:42:52.760 --> 00:42:56.630
in the world, but now it has the fastest wealth growth

814
00:42:56.630 --> 00:43:00.340
on the planet, just ahead of China.

815
00:43:00.340 --> 00:43:03.723
This rapid development has come at a tremendous cost.

816
00:43:05.200 --> 00:43:07.053
There seems to be a cancer epidemic.

817
00:43:08.210 --> 00:43:12.300
200 Vietnamese die every day, and double that number

818
00:43:12.300 --> 00:43:14.773
receive the new that they have cancer.

819
00:43:15.820 --> 00:43:19.347
And the most popular way to treat it is with rhino horn.

820
00:43:25.146 --> 00:43:26.091
Oh there she is.

821
00:43:26.091 --> 00:43:26.924
Hello doctor.

822
00:43:26.924 --> 00:43:30.335
If rhino horn was being used by cancer-sufferers,

823
00:43:30.335 --> 00:43:32.357
an oncologist would know.

824
00:43:32.357 --> 00:43:34.153
Sometimes with the rich patients,

825
00:43:35.060 --> 00:43:39.144
the patient use rhino horn, but--

826
00:43:39.144 --> 00:43:41.220
(speaking in foreign language)

827
00:43:41.220 --> 00:43:42.425
It's not recommended.

828
00:43:42.425 --> 00:43:44.520
But we not recommend it.

829
00:43:44.520 --> 00:43:46.730
Now doctor, if it's legal and cheaper,

830
00:43:46.730 --> 00:43:48.791
would more patients use it?

831
00:43:48.791 --> 00:43:52.240
(speaking in foreign language)

832
00:43:52.240 --> 00:43:54.724
I don't know, I don't know.

833
00:43:54.724 --> 00:43:58.641
(speaking in foreign language)

834
00:44:01.070 --> 00:44:02.320
Oh no, we, we--

835
00:44:03.349 --> 00:44:07.790
(intense instrumental music)

836
00:44:07.790 --> 00:44:09.080
Lost in translation,

837
00:44:09.080 --> 00:44:10.920
Dr. Phuong stopped the interview,

838
00:44:10.920 --> 00:44:13.443
thinking we were advocating for legal trade.

839
00:44:16.239 --> 00:44:19.370
We would have to find rhino horn users elsewhere,

840
00:44:19.370 --> 00:44:22.307
so we had to go back to what we knew.

841
00:44:23.455 --> 00:44:27.372
(speaking in foreign language)

842
00:44:33.445 --> 00:44:37.362
(speaking in foreign language)

843
00:44:42.149 --> 00:44:46.066
(speaking in foreign language)

844
00:44:51.640 --> 00:44:52.982
So you chew that rhino horn?

845
00:44:52.982 --> 00:44:55.832
(speaking in foreign language)

846
00:44:55.832 --> 00:44:59.780
Rhino horn is being used for more than just cancer,

847
00:44:59.780 --> 00:45:02.880
and we sought online where posts claim

848
00:45:02.880 --> 00:45:04.680
that ground up horn cures hangovers

849
00:45:04.680 --> 00:45:08.173
or cleanses skin for a healthy, beautiful glow.

850
00:45:09.200 --> 00:45:11.960
TCM, or traditional Chinese medicine,

851
00:45:11.960 --> 00:45:13.947
is popular throughout Asia.

852
00:45:14.851 --> 00:45:17.763
The source of TCM is of course, China.

853
00:45:19.100 --> 00:45:21.890
Made from herbal remedies and animal parts,

854
00:45:21.890 --> 00:45:23.990
it is thought by many who use it

855
00:45:23.990 --> 00:45:26.463
not to have side effects like modern medicine.

856
00:45:27.440 --> 00:45:30.460
This desire for nature product is growing.

857
00:45:30.460 --> 00:45:34.142
The industry has doubled over the past five years.

858
00:45:34.142 --> 00:45:35.320
Hi, hello.

859
00:45:35.320 --> 00:45:37.610
TCM practitioners also realize

860
00:45:37.610 --> 00:45:39.781
that supply will run out.

861
00:45:39.781 --> 00:45:43.698
(speaking in foreign language)

862
00:45:47.322 --> 00:45:51.239
(speaking in foreign language)

863
00:45:56.177 --> 00:46:00.094
(speaking in foreign language)

864
00:46:05.650 --> 00:46:09.337
So do you believe that rhino horn can cure cancer?

865
00:46:09.337 --> 00:46:13.254
(speaking in foreign language)

866
00:46:19.912 --> 00:46:23.745
(dramatic instrumental music)

867
00:46:25.040 --> 00:46:28.720
While herbal replacements might be the official answer,

868
00:46:28.720 --> 00:46:30.520
it was clear that across the continent,

869
00:46:30.520 --> 00:46:33.510
TCM doctors believed in the medicinal properties

870
00:46:33.510 --> 00:46:34.343
of rhino horn.

871
00:46:39.981 --> 00:46:42.600
For weeks, we had been searching the city of Hanoi

872
00:46:42.600 --> 00:46:45.540
to find a chemo patient using rhino horn.

873
00:46:45.540 --> 00:46:48.110
And finally, we had a lead.

874
00:46:48.110 --> 00:46:50.890
After submitting a list of questions for approval,

875
00:46:50.890 --> 00:46:54.720
we were instructed to wait for a phone call.

876
00:46:54.720 --> 00:46:57.320
Three days later, it finally came.

877
00:46:58.892 --> 00:47:02.809
(speaking in foreign language)

878
00:47:07.790 --> 00:47:12.450
(speaking in foreign language)

879
00:47:12.450 --> 00:47:15.893
Would you mind showing me how you take rhino horn?

880
00:47:16.800 --> 00:47:19.280
This question was not on the list,

881
00:47:19.280 --> 00:47:23.060
and we had been told not to ask to see the product,

882
00:47:23.060 --> 00:47:24.823
but I had to see it.

883
00:47:26.722 --> 00:47:30.639
(speaking in foreign language)

884
00:47:34.386 --> 00:47:36.550
(speaking in foreign language)

885
00:47:36.550 --> 00:47:38.567
Takes quite a long time, so show you--

886
00:47:38.567 --> 00:47:40.375
(speaking in foreign language)

887
00:47:40.375 --> 00:47:42.916
they have to show the piece step, not making.

888
00:47:42.916 --> 00:47:45.505
Okay, if I can see the piece then, maybe.

889
00:47:45.505 --> 00:47:49.422
(speaking in foreign language)

890
00:47:53.474 --> 00:47:57.391
(speaking in foreign language)

891
00:48:02.867 --> 00:48:03.758
(laughing)

892
00:48:03.758 --> 00:48:07.675
(speaking in foreign language)

893
00:48:12.896 --> 00:48:16.813
(speaking in foreign language)

894
00:48:23.860 --> 00:48:28.003
Wow, you can smell it, huh?

895
00:48:28.003 --> 00:48:29.513
That strong smell.

896
00:48:34.240 --> 00:48:36.767
Thank you for allowing me in your home.

897
00:48:36.767 --> 00:48:40.640
And I understand that this is a gift here in Vietnam,

898
00:48:40.640 --> 00:48:42.310
but you must understand, I have to tell you,

899
00:48:42.310 --> 00:48:44.470
it's very difficult for me.

900
00:48:44.470 --> 00:48:47.930
Back home, for my people, this piece of rhino horn

901
00:48:47.930 --> 00:48:49.063
is a symbol of death.

902
00:48:51.050 --> 00:48:52.310
What do you say to that?

903
00:48:54.736 --> 00:48:58.653
(speaking in foreign language)

904
00:49:03.040 --> 00:49:06.957
(speaking in foreign language)

905
00:49:12.252 --> 00:49:16.252
(speaking in foreign language)

906
00:49:19.219 --> 00:49:22.928
(pensive instrumental music)

907
00:49:22.928 --> 00:49:27.178
For the user, there is no connection to the animal.

908
00:49:29.587 --> 00:49:31.837
And this is true worldwide.

909
00:49:32.968 --> 00:49:35.806
We have no idea how our actions

910
00:49:35.806 --> 00:49:38.556
affect other lives on the planet.

911
00:49:50.344 --> 00:49:54.273
If we are the overseers of all life on earth,

912
00:49:54.273 --> 00:49:57.710
then we should do a better job of respecting

913
00:49:57.710 --> 00:49:59.263
what has been given to us.

914
00:50:04.000 --> 00:50:07.870
I don't really understand why would people want to buy

915
00:50:07.870 --> 00:50:11.070
wild animals and bring it to their house or eat them,

916
00:50:11.070 --> 00:50:12.620
I don't really understand that.

917
00:50:13.950 --> 00:50:15.660
I remember when my parents and my teacher

918
00:50:15.660 --> 00:50:18.020
were talking, oh, what do you want to do when you grown up?

919
00:50:18.020 --> 00:50:19.890
I want to be a conservationist.

920
00:50:19.890 --> 00:50:21.780
And people just look at me really weirdly,

921
00:50:21.780 --> 00:50:23.980
like, what's wrong with you?

922
00:50:23.980 --> 00:50:26.000
A lot of people taught me that,

923
00:50:26.000 --> 00:50:27.620
white people from western world,

924
00:50:27.620 --> 00:50:30.240
they have lots of money, they would go in the forest

925
00:50:30.240 --> 00:50:31.550
because they have nothing to do (laughs).

926
00:50:31.550 --> 00:50:33.580
Why don't you be in business and earn some money,

927
00:50:33.580 --> 00:50:34.953
work in the office, why do you think

928
00:50:34.953 --> 00:50:37.549
it'd be a good idea to go in the forest?

929
00:50:37.549 --> 00:50:38.920
Thank you.

930
00:50:38.920 --> 00:50:40.440
What is actually quite bizarre

931
00:50:40.440 --> 00:50:43.230
is the fact that I had to go to Vietnam

932
00:50:43.230 --> 00:50:45.540
to go to the markets, they're your markets,

933
00:50:45.540 --> 00:50:47.120
to find rhino horn.

934
00:50:47.120 --> 00:50:49.850
You came to my markets, to my country,

935
00:50:49.850 --> 00:50:51.450
to find rhino horn.

936
00:50:51.450 --> 00:50:54.108
Actually on my front door, basically.

937
00:50:54.108 --> 00:50:56.440
Yeah, yeah, and I did find rhino horn,

938
00:50:56.440 --> 00:50:58.697
and I found ivory and pangolin.

939
00:50:59.780 --> 00:51:02.670
And it's quite interesting, because as I am an Asian person

940
00:51:02.670 --> 00:51:07.300
walking in the market, people just very open to talk to me,

941
00:51:07.300 --> 00:51:12.053
and they're willing to offering me very rare items.

942
00:51:13.047 --> 00:51:15.500
Trang visits Africa's traditional markets

943
00:51:15.500 --> 00:51:19.523
to major TCM usage, as it has also become popular here.

944
00:51:20.370 --> 00:51:22.600
While China has officially phased out

945
00:51:22.600 --> 00:51:24.966
the use of endangered species in its medicine,

946
00:51:24.966 --> 00:51:26.469
Look at that lion.

947
00:51:26.469 --> 00:51:27.330
It's huge!

948
00:51:27.330 --> 00:51:28.950
Africa's medicine markets

949
00:51:28.950 --> 00:51:30.780
are littered with rare animals.

950
00:51:30.780 --> 00:51:32.870
For one day walking in one of those markets,

951
00:51:32.870 --> 00:51:36.500
I saw more species than I see in Kruger.

952
00:51:36.500 --> 00:51:37.360
It's insane.

953
00:51:37.360 --> 00:51:39.593
They're hanging up on top, it's horrible.

954
00:51:41.868 --> 00:51:43.080
(distorted) Leopard.

955
00:51:43.080 --> 00:51:44.813
Trang took her findings to the South African

956
00:51:44.813 --> 00:51:47.503
authorities, but they weren't interested.

957
00:51:47.503 --> 00:51:49.063
Wow, look, look here.

958
00:51:49.905 --> 00:51:51.260
So we arranged a meeting

959
00:51:51.260 --> 00:51:54.430
with our contacts inside the police.

960
00:51:54.430 --> 00:51:57.177
They immediately set up a sting operation,

961
00:51:57.177 --> 00:51:59.610
and Trang is willing to go back inside

962
00:51:59.610 --> 00:52:01.700
with an under-cover agent to catch

963
00:52:01.700 --> 00:52:03.710
the illegal wildlife sellers.

964
00:52:03.710 --> 00:52:04.983
Yeah, I can tell with the ivory.

965
00:52:04.983 --> 00:52:05.850
So you know that?
Yeah.

966
00:52:05.850 --> 00:52:08.190
The run on, throw it if you can,

967
00:52:08.190 --> 00:52:11.410
if it falls on the floor, it breaks, then it's hot.

968
00:52:11.410 --> 00:52:12.440
Then in fact, yeah.

969
00:52:12.440 --> 00:52:14.887
So should anything happen, Frank will be the first one

970
00:52:14.887 --> 00:52:17.050
to respond to you, and from there,

971
00:52:17.050 --> 00:52:18.442
we will then come in as well.

972
00:52:18.442 --> 00:52:19.300
Yeah.
Alright.

973
00:52:19.300 --> 00:52:20.133
Okay.

974
00:52:20.133 --> 00:52:21.930
But if you feel uncomfortable at any point,

975
00:52:21.930 --> 00:52:23.530
then just, you know, walk away.

976
00:52:23.530 --> 00:52:24.973
Yeah.
Safety first.

977
00:52:24.973 --> 00:52:26.673
Just walk away.
Safety first.

978
00:52:28.515 --> 00:52:29.615
How much, how much?

979
00:52:29.615 --> 00:52:30.781
(mumbles)

980
00:52:30.781 --> 00:52:31.888
Do you have it here?

981
00:52:31.888 --> 00:52:32.760
Rhino.
Yeah.

982
00:52:32.760 --> 00:52:33.740
Will you show me?

983
00:52:33.740 --> 00:52:37.409
(speaking in foreign language)

984
00:52:37.409 --> 00:52:38.410
Brother, brother,

985
00:52:38.410 --> 00:52:39.980
I need to see the item before

986
00:52:39.980 --> 00:52:41.545
we can negotiate about the price.

987
00:52:41.545 --> 00:52:43.533
(speaking in foreign language)

988
00:52:43.533 --> 00:52:44.512
One.

989
00:52:44.512 --> 00:52:45.917
Only one?
Yes.

990
00:52:45.917 --> 00:52:46.990
Can I buy it?

991
00:52:46.990 --> 00:52:49.690
I have cash, I can pay all by cash.

992
00:52:49.690 --> 00:52:51.710
(intense instrumental music)

993
00:52:51.710 --> 00:52:53.150
The police get into position

994
00:52:53.150 --> 00:52:54.847
while Trang lures the dealers out

995
00:52:54.847 --> 00:52:57.440
with a promise of a big cash payment

996
00:52:57.440 --> 00:52:59.423
for the goods at a safe location.

997
00:52:59.423 --> 00:53:02.337
Turn right at the orange building.

998
00:53:02.337 --> 00:53:05.337
She is alone in their car.

999
00:53:06.276 --> 00:53:09.012
(speaking in foreign language)

1000
00:53:09.012 --> 00:53:09.929
Stand by.

1001
00:53:11.819 --> 00:53:15.736
(speaking in foreign language)

1002
00:53:20.044 --> 00:53:23.961
(speaking in foreign language)

1003
00:53:28.287 --> 00:53:32.204
(speaking in foreign language)

1004
00:53:35.908 --> 00:53:37.812
(speaking in foreign language)

1005
00:53:37.812 --> 00:53:41.229
(intense dramatic music)

1006
00:53:43.414 --> 00:53:46.081
On the ground, on the stomach.

1007
00:53:47.981 --> 00:53:50.826
Okay, listen to me, the driver, you stand up.

1008
00:53:50.826 --> 00:53:52.743
The rest, you lie down.

1009
00:53:56.512 --> 00:53:57.345
When I was in the car,

1010
00:53:57.345 --> 00:53:59.330
I saw they brought the stuff that I asked for.

1011
00:53:59.330 --> 00:54:00.410
So when they were on the ground,

1012
00:54:00.410 --> 00:54:02.126
they were able to grab the merch.

1013
00:54:02.126 --> 00:54:03.002
Hai.

1014
00:54:03.002 --> 00:54:04.581
Well done, it's really brave what you did.

1015
00:54:04.581 --> 00:54:05.528
Yeah, well done.

1016
00:54:05.528 --> 00:54:07.186
Thank you (laughs)

1017
00:54:07.186 --> 00:54:10.186
Yeah, you must be proud.

1018
00:54:10.186 --> 00:54:14.019
(dramatic instrumental music)

1019
00:54:16.232 --> 00:54:17.065
The frightening attack

1020
00:54:17.065 --> 00:54:18.830
on the Thula Thula Rhino Orphanage--

1021
00:54:18.830 --> 00:54:20.650
[Female Announcer] Armed men stormed the orphanage,

1022
00:54:20.650 --> 00:54:23.940
assaulting staff, killing two rhinos.

1023
00:54:23.940 --> 00:54:25.650
The gang raped one of the women,

1024
00:54:25.650 --> 00:54:28.616
and police are still at the scene of the crime.

1025
00:54:28.616 --> 00:54:32.790
(mournful instrumental music)

1026
00:54:32.790 --> 00:54:34.280
So is this where you found him?

1027
00:54:34.280 --> 00:54:35.113
Yeah.

1028
00:54:36.150 --> 00:54:38.677
I just, I was at the gate, and I just, you know,

1029
00:54:38.677 --> 00:54:41.530
trying to try to see where was the rhino.

1030
00:54:41.530 --> 00:54:44.493
And I found, Impy was lying in the mud.

1031
00:54:45.500 --> 00:54:48.090
And I try to put this piece of log

1032
00:54:48.090 --> 00:54:50.353
to try to keep his head out of the water.

1033
00:54:54.360 --> 00:54:55.583
I could see his sinuses.

1034
00:54:56.560 --> 00:54:58.470
It was just all open.

1035
00:54:58.470 --> 00:55:00.723
He keep putting his head down.

1036
00:55:02.050 --> 00:55:04.890
So he keep drowning, and his breathing started

1037
00:55:04.890 --> 00:55:07.573
to be very loud as well.

1038
00:55:09.580 --> 00:55:12.080
And it was not crying like when they ask for milk.

1039
00:55:13.061 --> 00:55:13.894
It was--

1040
00:55:13.894 --> 00:55:15.573
A different sound?

1041
00:55:15.573 --> 00:55:16.973
Yeah, horrible one.

1042
00:55:28.350 --> 00:55:30.403
He went through so much when he was young.

1043
00:55:31.703 --> 00:55:33.290
Sleeping against his mum's carcass,

1044
00:55:33.290 --> 00:55:35.023
for six days, eating mud.

1045
00:55:36.310 --> 00:55:39.331
And he died in the mud as well, you know.

1046
00:55:39.331 --> 00:55:41.063
It's just unfair.

1047
00:55:44.987 --> 00:55:48.097
Yeah, just unfair.

1048
00:55:49.038 --> 00:55:52.538
(soft instrumental music)

1049
00:56:17.119 --> 00:56:21.036
(speaking in foreign language)

1050
00:56:23.484 --> 00:56:27.401
(speaking in foreign language)

1051
00:56:36.682 --> 00:56:40.599
(speaking in foreign language)

1052
00:56:45.613 --> 00:56:47.700
White rhino, male white rhino.

1053
00:56:47.700 --> 00:56:49.520
No match in the database.

1054
00:56:49.520 --> 00:56:53.933
Single female white rhino, no match in the database.

1055
00:57:06.172 --> 00:57:10.089
(speaking in foreign language)

1056
00:57:14.781 --> 00:57:18.698
(speaking in foreign language)

1057
00:57:23.447 --> 00:57:26.947
(soft instrumental music)

1058
00:57:35.937 --> 00:57:38.010
When is it my turn?

1059
00:57:38.010 --> 00:57:39.693
Is it written today that I die?

1060
00:57:40.730 --> 00:57:42.450
Could be, I don't know.

1061
00:57:45.615 --> 00:57:46.680
Rather than being shot,

1062
00:57:46.680 --> 00:57:49.423
I fear making a mistake and landing up in jail.

1063
00:57:50.590 --> 00:57:52.737
That's more scary than being shot.